State Revenue

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/57114/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
At the most basic level a government budget is about two things: revenue and spending. True happiness, as Mr Micawber would say, lies in ensuring that outgoings do not exceed what comes in.
Under that definition NSW treasurer Gladys Berejiklian would be very happy today, having handed down a budget with a surplus of $3.4 billion this financial year (and $3.7 billion over 2016-2017), as well as forecasts of surpluses (albeit slimmer) in the forward estimate years ending 2019-20. And this feeling may well spill over to the Federal Coalition in coming election.
The results, mainly off stamp duties received from residential property and its participation in the federal government’s asset recycling incentive program, which rewards it for investment in infrastructure and privatisation of state assets, sees the state’s debt drop to just .01% of Gross State Product, backing her claim six months ago that NSW was debt free for the first time in 20 years.
It’s not all good news, with Berejiklian noting NSW would lose GST payments from the Commonwealth by some $850 million, equating to $10.8 billion in lost revenue by 2019-20.
State governments are technically sovereign on their spheres of competence but in the real world they are highly dependent on the commonwealth government because of vertical fiscal imbalance. They cannot do what they have to do without a regular influx of money from the Commonwealth government. This constrains their freedom of action.
Berejiklian, claimed that this was a function of the success of the NSW economy and government financial management which perhaps only underlines some of the perversities of Australian federalism in action.
The NSW state government has claimed $3.4 billion dollar surplus for 2015-16 and says that it will deliver surpluses of about $2 billion a year for the next four years. However, it was recently reported that there could be a $17 billion “black hole" in future budgets over the next few decades.
One issue is that state revenue quite dependent on the property market and its capacity to deliver stamp duty. The capacity of NSW by itself as with all the states to raise revenue is limited. This is why state finances are vulnerable to the up and downs of the property market.
Given that the boom in the construction of apartments appears to be coming to an end this may mean the NSW’s capacity to remain “debt free” is very limited. This is perhaps why Mike Baird at the beginning of 2016 was such a vocal supporter of an increase of the rate of taxation imposed for the GST.
In this context, two of the taxation measures in the budget are interesting. One is the imposition of an additional stamp duty and land tax for foreign investors.
The other is the reduction of certain types of duty for business. Both of these resonate with the federal election, the desire to make those from elsewhere pay tax and the reduction in company tax by the Liberals.
Both of these measures indicate important aspects of any Liberal strategy; on the one hand the need to raise money in a way that does not impose on voters, on the other hand a desire to lift the taxation burden on business so that it can flourish, create jobs and create more revenue through other forms of taxation.
Another theme which resonates with the federal situation is that the treasurer has also indicated her desire to cut government costs through an efficiency dividend. This is something that her federal counterpart seems reluctant to do, although as Opposition member Ryan Park has suggested, such savings in public service spending have to be balanced against increased spending on consultants.
At the moment NSW is performing well economically, which will help the federal Liberal Party in its quest to be returned to office. Therefore a steady as she goes budget, even if it is at a time when the property boom is winding down, seems appropriate. The absence of nasties, especially in the context of “no debt”, creates a mood of confidence and prevents the fostering of any real grievances amongst the ordinary voter which could express itself in the federal election.
Moreover, the announcement of increased funding for both education and roads, both issues which resonate in Western Sydney, will help the Liberal Party in crucial marginal seats in that area.
The real issue with such a budget relates to those things which are not being discussed a lot. In the longer term NSW, like all the states, faces massive costs, especially areas related to an ageing population and health. As with education, these are things which the state can afford to pay for without assistance from the Commonwealth government.
In this regard, the real issue is how rising health costs will be funded over the next decade. As Stephen Duckett has pointed out neither party at the federal level has proposed “any plan for funding hospital cost growth beyond 2020”.
The federal election campaign has said a lot about spending but there has been little indication how the very real problems facing Australia as it moves close to the third decade of the century will be funded. There is a certain air of unreality that somehow we will, like the British, “muddle through” so that everything will work out. For the moment everything is in a holding position.
One gets a similar feeling about the NSW budget. There is the afterglow of a property boom which has done wonders for government finances. But there are also storm clouds on the horizon. Receipts from stamp duty can only go in one direction. The state is losing a good amount of its GST revenue. In the longer term real problems funding both health and education threaten.
But a state government can only do so much. It remains dependent on Commonwealth money. The real challenges over the next few years will be to re-negotiate the federal compact, a task begun by Tony Abbott, and to find ways of ensuring that health costs can be funded and do not weigh down the public purse.
In the meantime, both the Federal Government and the Government of New South Wales enjoy a bit of an Indian Summer, the calm before the storm. From that perspective one should expect a good showing by the Liberal Party at the coming Federal elections in NSW. The worrying thing is that they might not be doing enough to prepare for the storm.
Gregory Melleuish is associate professor, School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong and author for The Conversation. He can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gregory-melleuish-8479" target="_blank">here</a>.
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

NSW budget delivers a fat surplus, but mixed bag for Turnbull’s chances

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Hi Margaret, I've recently purchased commercial real estate in the last 30 days in VIC (settlement has been completed). I registered it under company "1 PTY LTD", however I wish to change this to a different company (I remain as the company director of the new company). Stamp duty cost me 100k+ (I don't wish to pay this again). Is the above possible without attracting stamp duty on the building if a mistake was made?
 
It may be hard for you to convince the office of state revenue that you made a mistake on this one - when you received the contract it would have asked for the purchaser's detail, the documents would have been signed by you as that purchaser and the State Revenue Office would have relied on these documents for the purpose of assessment of duty. As this one is outside of my own area of expertise I consulted Paul Sande from Asset Conveyancing.  He is an expert in conveyancing in all states, as this area is markedly different from state to state. He believes that there may be another avenue available to you. Sec 250A of the Duties Act 2000 provides for an exemption from duty for an eligible transaction where there is a legitimate reconstruction of corporate groups. An eligible transaction is any of the following that occurs on or after 1 January 2004:- 1. A transfer of dutiable property from one member of a corporate group to another member of the group; 2. A relevant acquisition by a member of a corporate group from another member of the group to which Sec 83 of the Duties Act applies; 3. A declaration of trust to dutiable property the specification of which forms part of the declaration of trust or part of the transaction constituted by the declaration of trust by one member of a corporate group under which the dutiable property is held on trust for another member of the group; or 4. Any other transaction that results in the beneficial ownership of dutiable property moving from one member of a corporate group to another member of the group. Paul says that the Commissioner needs to be satisfied, amongst other things, that the eligible transaction does not arise from arrangements or a scheme devised for the principal purpose of taking advantage of the benefit of the corporate reconstruction exemption. In your case you did this inadvertently and so there was no intent to gain any particular advantage here. Your best course of action is to consult your office of state revenue, explain that you wish to reconstruct the corporate group to have this property held by another member of that group, and see what they say about this.
Have a property question?       <a href="mailto:askmargaret@propertyobserver.com.au" target="_blank">Ask Margaret!</a>
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mlomas-KC9MUPZ6Ca

Ask Margaret: Convincing the Office of State Revenue

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<div>The Office of State Revenue is committed to the NSW Government’s target of having 70% of transactions conducted digitally by 2019.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>One of our digital services, Electronic Duties Returns (EDR), allows authorised agents to process a wide range of Duties transactions from their office.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>This service also allows solicitors and conveyancers to seamlessly integrate with e-Conveyancing platforms and services.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Currently, some legal firms continue to lodge documents for assessment that could be done via EDR, this is unsustainable.</div>
<div>
Commencing 1 July 2016, conveyancing documents, which can be processed through the EDR system, will no longer be assessed by the Office of State Revenue.
This is the first step of the digital transformation for property with more to come in 2016 and through 2017.
</div>
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jonathanchancellor-7SQnKwU6yx

Property 101: Changes to NSW Office of State Revenue conveyancing document lodgement service

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You must keep full and accurate accounting records that:
<ul>
<li>show the true position of all trust money received </li>
<li>enable your trust accounts to be properly audited. </li>
</ul>
Your accounting records must show:
<ul>
<li>who is entitled to the trust money </li>
<li>details of each trust money transaction </li>
<li>dates on which, or the period during which, each transaction took place. </li>
</ul>
Whenever a trust money transaction occurs, you must update your accounting records by the end of the next business day. 
The Estate Agents (General, Accounts and Audit) Regulations 2008 set out the required:
<ul>
<li>accounting documents </li>
<li>procedures </li>
<li>details to be kept.</li>
</ul>
If you are seeking technical or accounting information, or information not available on our website, ask your accountant or auditor for advice in the first instance.
Cash receipts journal
You must keep a trust account cash receipts journal, recording all money received daily.
This must include the:
<ul>
<li>number of the receipt </li>
<li>date the receipt was made out and, if different, the date on which the trust money was received </li>
<li>amount of money received</li>
<li>form in which the money was received; for example, cash, cheque or EFT </li>
<li>name of the person from whom the money was received </li>
<li>name and reference number or other identification of the person on whose behalf the money was received </li>
<li>details clearly stating why the money was received </li>
<li>details identifying the ledger account to be credited.</li>
</ul>
Cash payments journal
You must update a cash payments journal with all daily withdrawals from the account.
For payments made by cheque, this must include the:
<ul>
<li>date, serial number and amount of the cheque </li>
<li>name of the person the payment was made to; or, for a cheque made payable to an authorised financial institution, the institution’s name or BSB and the name of the person receiving the benefit of the payment </li>
<li>name and reference number or other identification of the person on whose behalf the cheque was drawn </li>
<li>details of the account in the trust ledger to which the cheque is to be debited </li>
<li>details of the purpose for which the cheque was drawn.</li>
</ul>
For payments made by EFT, this must include the:
<ul>
<li>date, reference number and amount of the transfer </li>
<li>name of the person to whom the payment was made; or, for a payment to an authorised financial institution, the institution’s name or BSB and the name of the person receiving the benefit of the payment </li>
<li>name and number of the account, including the BSB number, to which the amount was transferred </li>
<li>name and reference number or other identification of the person on whose behalf the transfer was made </li>
<li>details of the account in the trust ledger to which the payment is to be debited </li>
<li>details of the purpose for which the payment was made.</li>
</ul>
Payments must be recorded in the order in which they were made.
Transfers
You must not transfer money between accounts in the trust ledger unless you are entitled to transfer the money for that purpose. 
For example, you may transfer money from a landlord’s ledger to a commission ledger if the landlord has signed a property management authority that entitles you to claim commission.
You must record transfers in a journal kept exclusively for that purpose.
Entries in a transfer journal must include:
<ul>
<li>the date of the transfer </li>
<li>the amount transferred to and from each ledger account </li>
<li>the names of all ledger accounts to be debited or credited, including identifying references </li>
<li>details that clearly identify the purpose for which the money was transferred.</li>
</ul>
Trust ledger accounts
You must keep a ledger consisting of a separate identifiable account for each:
<ul>
<li>person on whose behalf you hold trust money </li>
<li>transaction for which you hold trust money.</li>
</ul>
The title of each ledger account must include the:
<ul>
<li>name and address of your client</li>
<li>purpose for which the money was received.</li>
</ul>
You must record the following details in the trust ledger account when you receive trust money, cheque payments, electronic funds transfer (EFT) payments or transfer of funds via journal entry:
<ul>
<li>date of issuing receipt, receiving money, making payment, or funds transfer </li>
<li>receipt, cheque, EFT payment or journal number </li>
<li>name of the person the money was received or paid from, or ledger account the money was transferred to</li>
<li>purpose for which the money was received, paid or transferred </li>
<li>amount received, paid or transferred.</li>
</ul>
You must record transactions relating to trust money in the trust ledger account in the order in which they occur.
You must also ensure that a trust ledger account has a continuous running balance, showing the amount held.
Monthly reconciliations
You must balance your trust accounts and prepare statements each month. The balances you must reconcile are:
<ul>
<li>cash journals </li>
<li>ledger accounts </li>
<li>accounts at your authorised financial institution.</li>
</ul>
The principal agent or officer in effective control must verify the reconciliation statements as true and accurate within 14 days of the end of each month. 
Storage and back-up of records
You must keep trust records for at least seven years.
You must back up electronic records at least once a month. The principal agent or officer in effective control must keep back-up copies and a complete set of copies must be stored at a separate location.
Computerised accounting systems
If you use a computerised accounting system, it must:
<ul>
<li>keep a record of any information created, amended or deleted that relates to the:</li>
<ul>
<li>seller’s or landlord’s name and address, reference number or other identification </li>
<li>description of each transaction </li>
<li>ledger account reference number or other identification for each trust ledger account</li>
</ul>
</ul>
The record must show the details before and after this information was created, amended or deleted
<ul>
<li>not accept entries of transactions that result in a debit balance in a trust account, unless there is a chronological record of the details of the change that can be produced on request </li>
<li>not be able to delete a trust ledger account unless the balance is zero and all outstanding cheques have been presented. When the account is deleted, the system must retain a permanent copy </li>
<li>not be able to amend the details of a transaction already recorded, except by recording a separate transaction that makes the amendment </li>
<li>require input in every field of a transaction data entry screen that receives information required by the Act and the Regulations </li>
<li>be backed up at least once a month. Each back-up copy must be retained by the agent in charge of the business or the officer in effective control, and a complete set of the back-up copies must be kept in a separate location.</li>
</ul>
Using an estate agent trust accounting software package can make it easier to comply with many of these requirements. 
General accounting software packages may also be of some assistance; whichever system you use, it is your responsibility to ensure you comply with the Act and Regulations.
Register of securities 
If you hold securities, documents of title or receipts for trust money on behalf of another person, you must keep a register of these. 
The register must show:
<ul>
<li>the date the security, document of title or receipt was received </li>
<li>a description of the security, document of title or receipt </li>
<li>the value or amount of the security or money deposited </li>
<li>the name of the person the security, document of title or receipt is held for</li>
<li>the date you delivered the security, document of title, or receipt to another person, and the name of the person you gave it to</li>
<li>the reason the security, document of title or receipt is being held </li>
<li>if the security, document of title or receipt is held jointly with another estate agent, the name under which they operate an estate agency business.</li>
</ul>
Deficiencies in a trust account
You must notify us, the agency director and your auditor within three business days of becoming aware of a deficiency in a trust account or trust ledger account.
This notification must include: 
<ul>
<li>the date on which the deficiency occurred </li>
<li>the amount </li>
<li>the reason it occurred </li>
<li>any action taken to restore it. </li>
</ul>
You do not need to notify us if the deficiency was: 
<ul>
<li>accidental, or caused solely by an error by an authorised financial institution, and</li>
<li>rectified within two business days after you became aware of it.</li>
</ul>
Unclaimed money
If you cannot identify the person entitled to trust money, those funds may be considered unclaimed money under the Unclaimed Money Act 2008.
For information on what to do with unclaimed money, visit the <a href="https://www.sro.vic.gov.au/" target="_blank">Victorian State Revenue Office website here</a>.
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po-LsXgBTHBmX

Property 101: Accounting for trust money - rules for estate agents in Victoria

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NSW land tax revenues are up, but stamp duty on sales has fallen dramatically.
The annual land tax revenue from property investors was $148 million higher than the $3.68 billion forecast.
The land tax helped the NSW surplus for 2017-2018 coming in at $3.9 billion, buoyed by a gst boost.
But a slowdown in sales activity saw NSW stamp duty revenues $960 million lower than expected.
The stamp duty revenue will be $10.4 billion this financial year, down from the $11.46 billion forecast.
It was blamed on lower than expected growth in property sales and prices along with a “significant shift from investors toward first home buyers.”
The overall stamp duty revenue will be $5.5 billion lower over the three years to 2020-21.
“Despite  this our finances remain in excellent shape,” the NSW Treasurer Dominic Perrottet said.
The Treasury papers noted while the downturn was “significant in dollar terms, revenue growth has been strong for an extended period, and the downturn is moderate compared with historic variations.”
The budget papers noted stamp duty was “a highly volatile revenue source reflecting the underlying volatility of property transactions and prices.”
There was also a sharp fall in revenues from foreign investors revealed in the budget.
There was hope that <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/expert-insights/investing/84964-nsw-stamp-duty-in-nsw-state-budget" target="_blank">the state budget would provide stamp duty relief or reform</a>, but the Treasurer said he would prefer to support first time buying.
 
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