Property Management

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Previously, I looked at <a href="/expert-insights/buying/30232-the-pros-and-cons-of-investing-in-a-modern-duplex" target="_blank">the positives and negatives of duplex housing from an investor perspective</a>.

Today I'll explore a more recently evolved ‘sister’ property type to the humble duplex – the ‘dual-key’ property.

Dual-key properties are a fairly recent emergence; however they have existed for decades in places such as Sweden, Japan and the United States.

A dual-key property is effectively one main property, with one front entrance door/hallway. The property then has a living room, bathroom, kitchen and one or two bedrooms.

Sounds like any normal property so far; except that a dual key property has an additional dwelling inside of it. Usually there’s an extra bedroom that has its own door lock. Inside the bedroom is a studio apartment with its own small kitchen and separate bathroom.

Unlike duplexes, dual-key properties enable one space to be shared by two separate parties or tenants. The property may have only one entrance/front hallway, through which all occupants enter. Some dual-key properties have only this as a common area, however most typically have a shared lounge and kitchen. Usually each tenant will actually have separate keys that unlocks only their own bedroom and bathroom spaces.

The pros and of a dual-key investment:

<ul>
<li>Two income producing properties on one title (unlike some duplexes, townhouses and attached dwellings that may require separate titles).</li>
	<li>As the property unit owner will typically only need to pay strata for one property, not two.</li>
	<li>Each portion can still be let separately, offering investors great scope for maximum rental return.</li>
	<li>Arguably, in an ageing population that is also downsizing and urbanising, dual-key could be a smart play to reach into the urban dwellers who require extra space for a parent or elderly relative to live close-by (but still with some privacy and separation).</li>
	<li>Another target rental audience for these property types would be students. Most urban students desire to live within walking distance to everything; their campus, CBD centres, and transport hubs. Dual-key properties may be attractive to students who seek a well located, low maintenance/low common area cleaning property.</li>
</ul>
The cons and of a dual-key investment:

<ul>
<li>Because dual-key is a (relatively) new property type in the Australian market, many are being priced as such. It may be financially smarter, in terms of rental return, to simply buy two separate properties from the beginning.</li>
	<li>The jury is still out on whether this property type is high demand or not. The abovementioned student and extended-family demographics may appreciate this property type, but many others will not. Urban young professionals, for instance, may simply prefer to pitch in for a three or four bedroom share house instead.</li>
	<li>Banks and lenders may have reservations in approving mortgages for this property type.</li>
	<li>Dual-key properties may actually offer limited capital growth. However, some dual-key properties may be easily convertible back to a two to three bedroom single property later down the track.</li>
</ul>
It is a great sign of the times that dual-key properties are on the uptake. With limited urban space and continually high-demand to occupy it, this property type could be a good compromise between human density and quality of life.

As a prospective investment property however, like all property types, would-be investors need to crunch rental and capital growth numbers and consider all the issues a dual-key property type presents, before taking the plunge.

<h2>Check out our latest listings:</h2>

[smartcode_project:default project_id=22057]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=94811]

[smartcode_project:default project_id=24532]
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cmcevoy-Go82SmsJA9

The pros and cons of dual-key investment properties

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Richard Wakelin, founder of Wakelin Property Advisory, has suggested properties with high yields tended to be more vulnerable than other properties to economic shocks, not less.
"They are often located in areas that struggle economically in the best of times due to a limited and narrow economic base and contain tenants who are more susceptible to bouts of unemployment," he wrote in his latest Fairfax Media column.
"Consequently, in downturns, there is a serious risk of rent arrears and extended vacancies that can bleed dry an investor's cash reserves and capital values that fall harder than elsewhere." 
<div>
Those properties essentially have high yields as compensation for the high risk the properties present, he warned.
</div>
<div>
"In these less certain times for property, I would much prefer to see a risk-averse prospective investor sit on the sidelines than opt for a high-yielding asset," he suggested before adding over the long term, sitting on the sidelines and not buying growth assets was a material risk to future retirement prospects.
He suggested few are able to "time the market" and buy at the bottom.
"So put aside the market cycle.
"Invest when you have the means," the Melbourne buyers' agent suggested.
<div>
Noting most capital city residential property markets are slated for little or even negative capital growth in coming months, Wakelin rebuked the suggestion that the promise of some income make high-yielding properties was the least bad asset to hold in a time of decline.
They were not the property market's equivalent of the equity market's unglamorous but safe defensive utility stocks that pay a significant dividend twice a year.
<div>
Wakeline said there had been "a hard few years for those seeking income yield" as property yields had, in line with most other assets, receded "almost remorselessly."
He cited CoreLogic charting a fall of capital city gross yields from 4.5 per cent for houses and 5.1 per cent for apartments back in March 2012 down to 3.2 per cent for houses and 4 per cent for apartments in December 2017, adding yields vary markedly from property to property, location to location.
"Yields for multi-million-dollar mansions in Sydney or Melbourne are often less than two per cent.
"By contrast, yields for student studio apartments or outback houses can be in excess of six or even seven per cent."
</div>
</div>
</div>
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Warning that properties with high yields carry high risk in current downturn

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The McGrath share price is going to be 32 cents in a year's time, reflecting no change from its current lows, according to Bell Potter, the stockbroker who helped float the estate agency at $2.10 in late 2015.
The forecast came after McGrath updated the ASX on the deteriorating property market conditions.
McGrath provided a trading update that highlighted a number of factors which are negatively impacting the operating performance of the company.
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/10/24/mcgrath1.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/10/24/mcgrath1.jpg" alt="">
McGrath did not provide any guidance for FY19 but did say it expects a much better result in 2HFY19 and “at least a breakeven position on an EBITDA basis” for the full year.
Bell Potter accordingly downgraded its FY19 EBITDA forecast from $5.1 million – which was consistent with underlying FY18 EBITDA – to a modest loss of $0.5 million which is below the company’s general guidance of at least a breakeven result.
It also downgraded its FY20 and FY21 EBITDA forecasts by 58% and 44% but continue to forecast positive EBITDA in both these periods and some improvement in market conditions.
"Our downgraded EBITDA forecasts mean we now expect a net loss in FY20 and a modest net profit in FY21," the stockbroker advised.
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/10/24/Mcgrath3.jpg" alt="">
"The net result is a 16% decrease in our PT to $0.32 which is close to the current share price and so we maintain the HOLD recommendation.
"We note our PT is now modestly lower than the $0.33 valuation we apply to the annuity businesses but we do not see this valuation as the key driver of the share price as we do not expect these businesses to be sold."
The broker advised shareholders it "no longer forecasts a resumption of dividends in FY20 given we now forecast a net loss in the period".
Click here <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/10/24/McGrath2.jpg" target="_blank">to enlarge.</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2018/10/24/McGrath2.jpg" alt="">
Its determination of the price target for McGrath was base on its core DCF (discounted cash flow) and the valuation of the annuity businesses.
"McGrath has two annuity businesses – property management and mortgage broking – which generate recurring revenue and so a relatively reliable or dependable valuation can be applied to each.
"We value both businesses at b/w $55 - 60m which equates to b/w $0.33 - 0.36 per share and so provides some valuation support for the share price."
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

McGrath share price supported by property management and mortgage commissions: Bell Potter

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Most first-time investors – and indeed established portfolio owners alike – will have apartments and units as part of their core investment property acquisition strategy.
From a public/tenant liability perspective, apartments are often thought of as a safer property type in this regard, in comparison to detached houses. However, this is not to say apartments and units aren’t without their own risks.
Here’s a short list of safety risks you need to know about, as a landlord, that might come back to hurt you, if left unchecked.
<ol>
<li>
Curtains and vertical blinds  Recent compliance changes in several states pertaining to curtain/blinds are very important. For most curtains and blinds; a rope-style pulley system is the commonplace curtain raising/lowering/opening mechanism. However, many older-style pulleys (say blinds older than four or five years), are a child safety hazard, and children can be at risk of choking if caught in the connected pulley strings. This risk is an easy and cheap fix; just Google ways to replace or cut and repair the pulley strings to make sure they are compliant. 
</li>
<li>
Safely opening windows  On to windows as opposed to blinds now, and the requirements per-state/territory change, so be sure to research the compliance rules specific to the state your property is in. In some states, the rules on the gap a window is able to open (for units where the windows are above a certain height from the ground – so, some ground floor units may be exempt) is undergoing change currently.  The safest thing to do is ensure your apartment’s windows are fully compliant with your state’s rules. This is again a child safety issue, and rules were introduced to prevent children falling out of high windows. For instance, in some states there are rules that require windows to open to no more than just 12 centremetres width. 
</li>
<li>
Fire alarms need to be tested regularly  This sounds like one of the most obvious unit and apartment safety issues, but I am constantly surprised by the number of investors I speak to who do not regularly check the working function of Smoke and fire alarms in their properties. The simplest way to regulate this is to ensure your managing property agent checks them for you (and signs off on the inspection report, having indicated they are in working order). However, this isn’t already an iron-clad guarantee that the devices are functional or have even been checked. From a legal standpoint, should any fires break out, the managing agent may not be held accountable to this either. Smoke alarms vary in price, from as low as a $9 K-Mart job, all the way to premium products that include regular servicing options to ensure compliance and safety is checked and maintained. These are the safest and most legally-liable solutions, though the cost is much higher for this piece of mind. 
</li>
<li>
Balcony balustrade heights  Balcony balustrade height requirements vary from state to state, however it is something to check in on for both newer and older apartments alike. If a balcony balustrade on a property you are considering purchasing as an investment appears to be quite low, it is work querying this with the selling agent. Also, investigate compliance issues that may result from a child (or adult!) balcony fall or accident as a result of a low-built balustrade. Again, ground floor apartments and units are often exempt from this requirement. 
</li>
<li>
Internal and external stairwell balustrade heights  Similarly to item number four above; be conscious of balustrades on stairwells both inside the unit and outside too. The exceptions of course are any ‘common property’ stairwells. Any accidents or deaths pertaining to incidents on these common-property stairwells are handled by the strata plan liability insurances, and not individual unit or apartment owners.  I was actually caught out on this in my most recent property purchase. The property featured a modern ‘floating’ internal stairwell that simply had a raised, open-air hand rail, with no connection to the steps below it. This meant that a child or infant could potentially make it half way up the stairwell, then fall off the steps over the side balustrade, and injure themselves. 
</li>
<li>
Get a building and pest inspections report and read it carefully The above stairwell discovery was only found when I had the building and pest inspection report completed, prior to cooling off period ending. I’d identified the issue and investigated a plan to resolve it, prior to the cooling off period ending, and I make the same recommendation to would-be investors out there reading this, to do just the same. A building and pest inspection is so valuable for this reason. Sure, it is a few hundred dollars extra expenditure on the property, however it can save thousands later on. Most investors and property buyers assume this report just reveals any structural faults and rodent/insect problems, however the real value lies in the ability to foresee liability issues early on, before you complete your cooling off (aka ‘back out of the deal!’) period.
</li>
</ol>
You can visit Cameron's blog at <a href="https://www.propertycorrespondent.com.au/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Property Correspondent.</a>
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Six apartment safety risks every investor must know about

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Illegal drug labs set up in rental properties can cause fear for property investors, particularly as the clean up costs can be significant, not to mention a hefty repair bill in some instances.
While it's uncommon for tenants to be engaged in this type of activity, it's worth every property manager and investor (particularly self-managing landlords) to be keeping an eye out for any suspicious activity.
Terri Scheer Insurance's executive manager Carolyn Parrella explains that whether it's cannabis, methamphetamine or ecstasy, illegal drug cultivation has specific signs that astute investors can look for.
“Temporary drug laboratories in rental properties can be difficult to detect if you do not know what to look out for,” said Parrella, even though tenants will go to significant lengths to hide this type of activity.
For those who do find evidence of a drug lab, investors should first contact their property manager, and also the police.  Obtaining insurance coverage often requires a police report. A tenant will be required to vacate, after which time insurance assessors can determine the damage.
In the meantime, here are the five things to watch out for:
<ol>
<li>
Regularly inspect  There's no way to figure out whether illegal activity is being undertaken if you are not regularly inspecting.  Detecting temporary drug labs can save you money, particularly if they're found early, as this will help mitigate loss and will allow you to lodge an insurance claim as soon as possible, said Parella.  “It takes three months to cultivate a hydroponics crop so carrying out quarterly inspections will increase the chances of detecting any illegal activity as soon as possible," she said. Ensure you undertake routine inspections. 
</li>
<li>
Neglect or lack of furnishings  The first thing you should be looking for at an inspection is a lack of furniture, and/or signs of neglect. While some certainly live with the bare minimum, it's unusual to see a rental that has a lack of personal effects.  “When conducting an inspection look for signs that the property is being lived in. Illegal drug manufacturers generally do not live at the properties they use to cultivate drugs, therefore the premises may appear under furnished or neglected," she explains.  It is always worth asking the tenant if they've been away, and looking for another reason before assuming they run a drug lab (a stretch if this is the only suggestion can see). 
</li>
<li>
Look for modifications  Creating a drug lab isn't exactly a simple task. As anyone who watched Breaking Bad can tell you, it requires some specific equipment, materials and products.  “Some hydroponic systems or temporary drug laboratories require specific modifications to the property,” she said.  You want to be on the lookout for tampering with the property. Pipes and hoses are often required in hydroponic setups, that filter through the roof or a man hole. Holes in the ceiling can be a signal of a drug lab set up.  “It is also a good idea to check whether the meter board has been tampered with or rewired. Holes in nearby walls or built-in cupboards are common in order to feed wires to a power source," she advised. 
</li>
<li>
Look for specific items  We can't all know what every item is that someone else owns, however an abundance of unusual items may suggest that something untoward is happening.  “Certain items are commonly used to manufacture illegal drugs, including glass flasks, beakers, rubber tubing, gas cylinders, chemical containers, drums, drain cleaner, acid garden fertiliser and cough, cold or allergy medicine,” Parrella said.  A portable air conditioner is also frequently a key part of kit when cultivating hydronic crops, she said. Again, don't jump to conclusions - similar items have been owned in children's chemistry sets - however, use your common sense. Some of these items in combination may set alarm bells ringing. 
</li>
<li>
Sealed/covered windows  Windows that are constantly covered or sealed during the day may also be a small suggestion that these tenants are looking for an extra level of privacy.  Windows covered in aluminium foil, in particular, however should have you concerned. 
</li>
<li>
Bills If you're seeing unusual signs in the property, then it's time to turn to the bills.  “A dramatic spike in water consumption could signal drug manufacturing as more water is generally needed to cultivate drug crops," notes Parella. 
</li>
<li>
Unusual wear and tear  Temporary drug labs can leave signs in unusual ways. Colour variations on the walls, such as behind hanging pictures or artworks, after a short-term period is worth a second look.  “If there are intense lights being used as part of a hydroponics set up it may visibly fade paintwork," notes Parella.
</li>
</ol>
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jduke-EHk3XBmHkn

Seven ways to detect if your investment property is being used as a drug lab

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A Western Australia building company in Geraldton, Will-Construct Pty Ltd, and director Peter William Willoughby, of Wandina, have been ordered to pay $5,000 each to the Building Commissioner by the Building Services Board for misleading conduct in relation to commercial buildings.
The small company of general contractors worked only on non-residential buildings, not including industrial buildings and warehouses.
The company admitted that they misled the City of Geraldton as to the identity of the builder on the building licence applications, in relation to commercial sheds on three sites. This was from 8 February 2012 to 19 November 2012.
Building Commissioner Peter Gow said that all the information requested on an application for a building licence is required for “good reason”, and that providing misleading or incorrect details can have serious consequences. Gow said that this was the case even if the incorrect information was inadvertently provided.
“It is particularly crucial that the builder’s true details are known because, at the end of the day, they are responsible for the work carried out,” he said.
“Consumers also have a right to know who the person they have engaged to carry out building work is and should be able to check the person has the necessary skills, qualifications and registration, if required, to perform work to a sufficient standard.”
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Western Australia building company to pay $10,000 penalty after misleading City of Geraldton

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Where is that rose bush from the courtyard? What happened to the mirror in the bathroom? Where did the dishwasher go? Wasn’t there a hose reel on the side of the garden shed?
These things were there when they signed the offer to buy and they assumed would be staying with the house as part of the purchase.
So, where exactly do buyers stand legally in this situation of missing items?
Thankfully, the law is on their side but it comes down to proper process. It’s about making sure the responsibilities of the seller have been met and that the paperwork was thorough at the time of signing the contract to purchase.
The seller has an obligation to advise the real estate agent if anything is excluded from the sale. This should be reflected in the contract.
<blockquote>
Owners have the right to exclude some things from a sale if they choose, but it’s important this is made clear at the beginning of the process.
</blockquote>
Usually, anything deemed to be a fixture will stay. This generally includes things that are nailed, screwed or otherwise fixed such as mirrors, floor coverings, curtains, towel racks, television aerials, light fittings and ceiling fans. But it also includes plants, paving slabs and garden sheds.
REIWA recommends that sellers fill out a disclosure statement when they offer a place for sale and REIWA agents have these available. They are not compulsory but they do give the agent a written record of exactly what is being sold and if anything is being removed by the outgoing owner.
Owners have the right to exclude some things from a sale if they choose, but it’s important this is made clear at the beginning of the process.
In the standard REIWA contract for the sale of land, it is a condition that the seller warrants ‘the property will be in the same state and condition it was in immediately before the contract date.’
If a seller wants to keep the dishwasher or a sentimental rose bush for example, that’s permissible so long as it’s properly declared to potential purchasers.
Buyers should always ask if anything is being excluded in a sale and, provided the selling agent has been correctly advised by the owner, there will be no misunderstandings.
Most often when things are removed after a sale it’s due to ignorance of the law by the outgoing owner and can usually be quickly remedied by the agent.
However, if buyers find this isn’t the case, that both they and the agent were not properly advised and the seller is being difficult, then buyers can take the matter to the local court to seek compensation for missing items.
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dairey-MVZf5ZguQC

Can the seller take items after the sale?

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Property owners with green thumbs will be out in full force over the Anzac Day break. With a long weekend up your sleeve, here are 10 tips to beautify your garden and add value to your property.
<ol>
<li>
Get weeding The least glamorous part of gardening is also the first task you need to tackle this weekend. Prise the plants from the paving and cull the clover before you get to the fun parts. Weed seeds often inhabit the ground beneath existing plants, so you’ll have to regularly dig out weed sprouts in addition to applying weed killer for a fair few months. If you are tempted to let things get a bit wild, make sure you tend to the weeds before they go to seed. 
</li>
<li>
Purge the pests Slaters, snails, bugs and birds will all take a bite out of your garden if you give them a chance. If you have fruit plants which you’re planning to harvest, try throwing some nylon netting over to keep birds away. You can take the netting off once harvest season is over to let the birds get at any spoiled or unused fruit, and they’ll also take care of lots of the bugs that plague your crop. Good planning can also keep the nasties away, with some plants deterring insects. If you’re going to try to kill some bugs, try to use natural pesticides where possible. 
</li>
<li>
Super soil Now’s the time to get the fundamentals right. This weekend, you can set up a worm farm to aerate your soil. A starter kit will set you back about $50. You can also start a compost heap that will fertilise your soil in the months to come. Commitment is the key to good compost. Make sure you have a designated scrap bucket to contribute to the heap every day, and turn your compost regularly. 
</li>
<li>
Feed and fertilise Most plants enjoy a good feed, but with seasonal demands, timing is everything. Research what your plants need coming into winter. Azaleas and Camellias will benefit from a small dose of watered in cow manure, but other plants will need less food before the cold season. 
</li>
<li>
Prune those plants Now’s the time to lop off any rosehips and dead flowers. Trim back spent flower heads, and remove any branches that are clearly dead to the world. In between plants, rinse of your secateurs to prevent spreading any disease. 
</li>
<li>
Go shopping Had big plans for al fresco dining that never quite materialised? Now’s the time to pick up some garden furniture, with demand (and prices) dipping after the summer rush. Before you head out, make sure you measure the available space and have a clear idea of what you want and can afford. 
</li>
<li>
Plan and plant Here’s the fun part: planting. If you’re set on laying down some new plants this autumn, make sure they’ll survive the winter. What’s best will depend on your climate, so take the time to check out one of the many autumn planting guides online. For much of the country, beetroots, silverbeet and lettuce will all do well if you’re after an edible garden. 
</li>
<li>
Be water wise Australian buyers are increasingly becoming aware of <a href="/expert-insights/gardens-exteriors/29503-buyers-want-water-wise-gardens" target="_blank">the need to conserve water</a>.  Now is the perfect time to buy and install a rainwater tank if your property has the room. With the winter rains on their way, a rainwater tank installed now will collect plenty of water for the dry summer months. 
</li>
<li>
Sweep Once you’ve done all the fun stuff, it’s time to clean up. Clear the garden paths, the footpath in front of your house and the driveway. You’ll be surprised what a quick tidy up can do for your home. Now that autumn leaves are starting to fall, a quick regular sweep once a week will save you a lot of time further down the track. 
</li>
<li>
Fix up that fence Side fence sagging? Perhaps that picket fence that looked so friendly when you first moved in is starting to rot. Replace and repair any rotted or broken sections of your front fence, and collaborate with your neighbours to fix the boundary that’s been falling down for the past ten months. While you’re at it, oiling the squeaky gate will only take 30 seconds.
</li>
</ol>
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jrichardson-uRX5hFdKfN

10 tips to beautify your garden this weekend

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Sunshine Coast home owner, Debbie Bresnahan, is one of an expected number of other property owners to take the state government to court after compensation for property damage from a water project.
According to The Courier Mail, Bresnahan is chasing a $500,000 sum after her property, on a 1.7 hectare block, was damaged from the multi-million dollar Northern Pipeline project that was constructed in a one year timeframe from 2010.
Reportedly there have been a couple of offers that she refused. The government has called these offers 'fair compensation'.
She told The Courier Mail that the pipeline went through her front yard, with the easement they have taken ruining the property and causing the value to plummet. This isn't the first time she has been unhappy about the project, previously voicing concerns to the ABC in late-2010, initially angered by the impact of the construction on her life.
Her case goes to Brisbane's Land Court today and is expected to be one of a number of complaints.
There were a total of 228 properties affected by the project.
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Sunshine Coast home owners chasing property damage compensation from government

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<li>A tenant must be 14 or more days in rental arrears for you to begin formal eviction proceedings, which begins with a Notice to Vacate. At this point, you need to wait a further 14 days before any action can be taken. Alternative payment arrangements with either the landlord or property manager can halt this process. 
</li>
<li>You cannot lock a tenant out and personally evict them, or change the locks. The only authority that can do this is the police, and they will need to have obtained a valid Possession Order and a Warrant of Possession (from VCAT in the state of Victoria). If you try to do this, the tenant can apply for a Restraining Order and can call the police. 
</li>
<li>Tenants can put in a claim for compensation for inconvenience, loss or damages if the landlord has acted unlawfully when attempting eviction proceedings. 
</li>
<li>The tenant should still be paying you rent until the termination of the tenancy, which tends to be when they move out. 
</li>
<li>There are some instances where you can apply straight to Tribunal for a possession order, without the usual circumstance of notifying the tenant. These include, but are not limited to, serious damage to the home or neighbouring homes, injury to the landlord, agent or a neighbour by the tenant, use for illegal purposes (such as drug manufacturing) and a number of other serious circumstances. 
</li>
<li>A landlord's case can be thrown out of Tribunal if they have not abided by the rules required surrounding dates and notice periods. Be sure to know what the required number of notice days is for your particular state or territory (where the property is located) and any extra days required for postage. Keep postal receipts and clear documentation for future reference. 
</li>
<li>If a tenant tries to rectify a breach, a Tribunal may not decide to grant the termination. For instance, Tenants New South Wales notes that "If you can show that you have fixed the breach or taken steps to fix it, NCAT may decide not to end the tenancy." 
</li>
<li>Sub-letting without permission can be grounds for eviction. 
</li>
<li>You cannot dispose of a tenants' items or "goods left behind" straight away. Perishable goods and rubbish may be thrown out, however personal documents must be disposed of after 90 days notice, by returning them to the issuing authority or in another lawful manner and not in a way that makes information publicly available. Other goods require 14 days notice, and they may be sold or disposed of. You must keep a record of the goods disposed of. 
</li>
<li>The tenant will not pay the landlord's legal fees at Tribunal if they are unsuccessful, unless the Tribunal orders otherwise, such as in a case of unreasonable disruption.</li>
</ol></body></html>

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