Land Tax

Removing stamp duty would increase housing mobility, and lead to more efficient use of the nation’s housing stock, according to research by the National Housing Finance and Investment Corporation (NHFIC).

Families across all states and territories, except the ACT, are paying substantially more stamp duty when they move currently than they were 20 years ago, it noted.

Victoria now has Australia’s largest effective rate of transfer duty on a median property at around 5.4% (around $45,000), compared to 4.2% (around $12,000) back in 2002.

The report dubbed stamp duty an inefficient tax that impacts housing market mobility.

A household that bought a Sydney median priced house four times over the past 20 years would have paid more than 10 times the amount of duty than a household making only one purchase at the start of this period, it pointed out.

“Households that are considering downsizing and upsizing, or just seeking more space when they are working at home during COVID-19 wouldn't be penalised under a broad-based land tax compared with the current stamp duty arrangements across most states,” NHFIC CEO Nathan Dal Bon said .

“Encouraging more household mobility through reductions in stamp duty leads to more efficient use of the housing stock which means people can better ‘right-size’ their own housing arrangements in line with their individual preferences,” Dal Bon added.

The aim of transitioning from stamp duty to land tax is not to increase revenue per se, and the paper demonstrates that the transition can be achieved in a revenue neutral way.

"The typical household across all states (except the ACT) would be better off paying land tax on a median property than transfer duty," it suggested, noting a household in NSW would have to pay a broad-based land tax for more than 14 years to be worse off, which is greater than the 12 year average holding period of a property.

It noted the challenge of a revenue neutral swap between transfer duty and a broad-based land tax, under a slow house price growth scenario, would require approximately three times the amount of revenue as a faster transition ($94bn over a 20-year transition, compared with $32bn under a 5-year transition).

The National Housing Finance and Investment Corporation (NHFIC) commenced operations in 2018,  a corporate Commonwealth entity, part of the Treasury portfolio of agencies. 

The responsible Minister is the Minister for Housing, Michael Sukkar.


Removing stamp duty will have the benefit of reducing barriers to home ownership, according to the report of the National Housing Finance and Investment Corporation

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Federal Treasury entity gets behind push to scrap state government stamp duty

<h2 class="legacy">EXPERT INSIGHT</h2>

Victorian treasurer Tim Pallas&rsquo;s three-pronged strategy to raise an extra <a href="https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/contributing-fair-share-stronger-victoria">A$2.7 billion in property taxes</a> over the next four years is a case of two out of three ain&rsquo;t bad.

<h2>Land tax ✅</h2>

First, Pallas will raise $1.5 billion over four years by lifting land taxes on landholdings worth between $1.8 and $3 million by 0.25%, and by 0.3 percentage points on landholdings worth more than $3 million.

This is a good move. Taxes levied on the value of landholdings are among the <a href="https://theconversation.com/abolish-stamp-duty-the-act-shows-the-rest-of-us-how-to-tax-property-105378">most efficient states can impose</a>. And land taxes offer a more sustainable and less-volatile tax base than stamp duties on property transactions.

<h2>Windfall gains levy ✅</h2>

Second, developers and landowners who reap windfall gains when their property is rezoned will be hit with a 50% levy if the gain is $500,000 or more, with the tax phasing in from windfalls above $100,000. The new levy will not apply to growth-zone land where developers already pay the <a href="https://www.sro.vic.gov.au/growth-areas-infrastructure-contribution">Growth Areas Infrastructure Contribution </a>charge.

Again, this is a good move. It should reduce incentives for <a href="https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/how-money-talks-in-victorian-politics-five-lessons-from-the-casey-corruption-scandal-20201218-p56oo3.html">corruption</a> when planning applications are decided.

As a tax, collecting unearned windfall gains is extraordinarily efficient, so efficient it shouldn&rsquo;t even be called a tax but a charge for a change in allowable land use, which is <a href="https://theconversation.com/our-states-are-crying-poor-they-wouldnt-if-they-charged-for-rezoning-142838">what it is</a>.

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The new re-zoning charge won&rsquo;t raise much in the short term: just $124 million over four years.

But the next time there is a major rezoning &mdash; think of the bonanzas that have flowed to land holders from previous rezonings in <a href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/report-slams-matthew-guy-on-rezoning-of-fishermans-bend-20151019-gkcyrv.html">Melbourne&rsquo;s Fisherman&rsquo;s Bend</a> and the Docklands &mdash; it will deliver taxpayers hundreds of millions if not billions.

The property lobby <a href="https://www.afr.com/property/commercial/victorian-windfall-tax-will-hit-urban-infill-developers-say-20210516-p57sbh">has been quick to claim</a> that charging for rezoning windfalls will deter higher-density development in Melbourne, or increase prices. Both claims should be ignored.

Capturing a share of rezoning windfalls won&rsquo;t deter developers. Instead it could make it easier to solve Melbourne&rsquo;s housing crisis while reducing incentives for corruption in planning decisions.

Planning rules make it hard to build more housing in inner suburbs. Zoning for higher density is necessary, but unpopular. Local residents partly object because they think developers are getting a free kick.

The Victorian treasurer&rsquo;s decision to make the winners pay for some of their winnings will make the process fairer and less divisive.

It&rsquo;s a myth that charges for changes in land use raise home prices. Australian evidence suggests those lucky enough to own land before it is rezoned <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0264275117301051">pay the charges</a> rather than pass them on to eventual homebuyers, which might be why they object.

And future developers will pay less for their land, because the expectation of windfall gains won&rsquo;t be built into the price.

The ACT Government has charged <a href="https://www.planning.act.gov.au/leasing-and-titles/varying-crown-leases/lease-variation-charge">75%</a> for land value uplift for three decades without scaring away developers.

But the third prong of the Pallas plan &mdash; lifting stamp duty from 5.5% to 6.5% on properties that sell for more than $2 million &mdash; is a step in the wrong direction.

<h2>More stamp duty ❌</h2>

Stamp duties are among the most <a href="https://theconversation.com/abolish-stamp-duty-the-act-shows-the-rest-of-us-how-to-tax-property-105378">inefficient</a> and inequitable taxes Australia has.

They discourage people from moving to housing and cities that better suit their needs, and they are inequitable discourage people from moving to better jobs.

And the revenue they provide is volatile: any slowdown in property sales &mdash; as happened during COVID took hold &ndash; punches a big hole in state budgets.

Few Victorians will be affected by this tax hike: less than 5% of all Melbourne homes (and just 0.5% of regional Victorian homes) went for $2 million or more last year, according to <a href="https://twitter.com/timlawless/status/1394500338846081026">Corelogic</a>.

Someone buying a $2.5 million home will pay just an extra $5,000 in stamp duty.

But Pallas should be looking to replace stamp duty with broad-based land taxes, as <a href="https://www.treasury.nsw.gov.au/property-tax-proposal">NSW</a> is planning to do.

Tax hikes are rarely popular. But they will become increasingly necessary as states try to repair their budgets after the COVID crisis.

In the quest for a better tax system, Pallas has just taken two steps forward, and one step back.

<img alt="The Conversation" f="" height="1" j="" m8tkrlktj="" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/161353/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" width="1" />

<hr />
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/brendan-coates-154644">Brendan Coates</a>, Program Director, Household Finances, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/grattan-institute-1168">Grattan Institute</a>

This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-lesson-for-australia-out-of-victorias-property-tax-hikes-two-out-of-three-aint-bad-161353">original article</a>.

Victorian treasurer Tim Pallas’s three-pronged strategy to raise an extra A$2.7 billion in property taxes over the next four years is a case of two out of three ain’t bad

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The lesson for Australia out of Victoria’s 3 property tax hikes

It was announced over the weekend that the Victorian Government will seek to increase stamp duty and land tax from July 1.

Stamp duty will rise from 5.5 per cent to 6.5 per cent for those purchasing any property over $2 million and a land tax increase from 2.25 per cent to 2.55 per cent for properties valued over $3 million.

There will be a larger increase in land tax on properties valued between $1.8 million and $3 million. There will be a 19 per cent from the current 1.3 per cent, up&nbsp;to 1.55 per cent.

Urban.com.au CEO Mike Bird says the proposal will have the greatest effect on downsizers and younger families.

&quot;The policy feels inconsistent with the recent federal government budget focusing on encouraging older generations to down size from the family home into something more suitable (down sizers are now able to contribute to $300k from their home sale into their superannuation at a more favourable tax rate), freeing up that housing stock for younger growing families,&quot; Mr Bird said.

&quot;We want to see barriers removed to enable home owners to &quot;rightsize&quot; into something that makes sense for their living requirements and this policy isn&#39;t helping achieve that.&quot;

One of Melbourne&#39;s most recognised developer,&nbsp;Tim Gurner, says it is not the time to kill one part of the economy that is providing strength and jobs for Australia.

&quot;These&nbsp;draconian style tax regimes need much deeper and thorough conversation and thought!!&quot; Gurner says.

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Gurner says the introduction can only lead to a&nbsp;big jump in house prices, as everyone just adds the additional cost to prices and supply drops, which will in turn make&nbsp;it harder for families to enter the home market with stamp duty hike.

Gurner adds that it will also&nbsp;de-incentivise developers to be active which reduces supply and will increase cost of living and homes. He says that all of these factor&nbsp;will lead to huge job losses when they filter through.

Illan Samuel, head of&nbsp;Samuel Property who specialise in luxury projects, says the proposed stamp duty increase will only lead&nbsp;to the additional cost being passed onto buyers, again putting pressure on affordability of property in Victoria.

&quot;Developers work to commercial&nbsp;returns,&quot; Samuel says.

&quot;If the cost of doing business increases, this will be passed onto the consumer - like any other business.

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&quot;However, if the consumer will not absorb the cost - then no transaction will occur, and ultimately the economy suffers.&quot;

Samuel says, in his opinion, that this is the&nbsp;complete opposite of what the Labour government should be proposing.

&quot;A property lead recovery out of Covid-19 market conditions, which saw Melbourne hit the hardest with long and harsh lockdowns impacting on the ability to transact is vital.

&quot;Increasing stamp duty after initial market runs will only stimy activity and create negative association to property, particularly off the plan (high density) property which, unlike the house and land sector did not benefit from the Home Builder stimulus. I

&quot;I would expect fewer transactions, leading to less stamp duty collected by the government - whereas a reduction in stamp duty would have lead to more transactions, and likely more stamp duty collected in dollar terms. It is&nbsp;a short-sighted move.&quot;

Kris Daff, the managing director at Assemble, who are pioneering affordable housing across Melbourne, says 2021 is a time when Government should be generating tailwinds for the real estate and construction sectors, sectors who are significant employers and generators of economic recovery and growth.

&quot;The introduction of foreign buyer surcharges is an example of the unintended consequences of ill-considered policy, which has contributed to new apartment sales falling off a cliff and commercial builders in the state facing huge reductions in work in hand as a result.&quot;

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<h2>What the experts are saying</h2>

REIV president Leah Canlan

&quot;The&nbsp;tax hikes will make Victoria a less desirable place to invest, ultimately harming jobs and the economy. 
 
&ldquo;The government continues to burden Victorians with increases to property taxes. Property already accounts for more than 40 per cent of government revenue. There is not much more capacity any one sector to absorb further tax burden. 
 
&ldquo;If the Victorian Government is serious about jobs and housing it needs to invest in real estate, not attack it.&quot;

AMP Capital chief economist Shane Oliver

&quot;While I can understand the desire to reduce the deficit, stamp duty is a bad tax that distorts economic decision making and should really be phased out in favour of land tax as NSW is considering.

&quot;So relying even more on it runs counter to this and will further distort economic decision making in Victoria as well as make housing even less affordable.&quot;

Victorian Executive Director of the Property Council&nbsp;Danni Hunter

&quot;This is a sucker punch to the industry that is building Victoria&rsquo;s recovery. One in four Victorians work in property and the Victorian Government is raising taxes at a time when it should be creating jobs.

&ldquo;This is a tax hike on the home ownership dreams of Victorians. We are heading toward a housing affordability crisis and the Victorian Government has fast tracked our way there by slugging homebuyers and businesses in this short-sighted move.

&ldquo;The Government knows the price for these tax changes will be paid by every single Victorian.&quot;

Hotspotting founder Terry Ryder

&quot;The decision by the Victorian Government to hike land tax and stamp duty on investor owners continues the age-old problem of politicians using the housing industry as a cash cow - and thereby making housing affordability worse. 
 
&quot;The problem of affordability can be summarised like this: it&#39;s caused by politicians at all three levels of government milking the housing industry for revenue. Local government does it and the Federal Government does it, but by far the worst are state governments. Every time a state government needs some extra revenue, they slug developers and investors.

&quot;They believe there&#39;s little electoral damage in doing that, but ultimately it&#39;s the home-buyers who pay, including first-home buyers. Developers can&#39;t sell a house and land package for $400,000 if it costs $500,000 to create - and a huge proportion of the cost is taxes, fees and charges from the three levels of government, but especially state governments. 
 
&quot;Right now, Australia has a rental shortage crisis and politicians should be encouraging investors to buy properties and make them available for rental. Our politicians, however, continue to discourage investors - hence the ultra low vacancies and rising rentals in most locations across Australia. With this move by the State Government in Victoria, the situation just got worse.&quot;

One of Melbourne's most recognised developer, Tim Gurner, says it is not the time to kill one part of the economy that is providing strength and jobs for Australia.

Joel Robinson

VIC stamp duty changes: What the developers and experts are saying

The Victorian Government has revealed there will be stamp duty and land tax increases in its 2021-22 State Budget which the industry fears will worsen housing affordability.

The new measures see an estimated $2.65 billion increase in property taxes over the next four years.

Treasurer Tim Pallas revealed a series of new taxes, including increases in stamp duty for high-end residential property buyers.

Some landlords will be hit with higher land tax in Thursday&#39;s state budget.

The new &#39;premium stamp duty rate&#39; will apply to all sales contracts signed after June 30, 2021, which will ensure many buyers will bring forward their purchasing to within the next six weeks.

The stamp duty measure will raise $761 million by adding a premium in stamp duty payments for property sold at more than $2 million.

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Sales over $2 million will be taxed with a stamp duty rate of 6.5 per cent for the value in excess of $2 million, up from the exisiting 5.5 per cent rate, ie a $3 million home purchaser will pay $175,000 up from $167,000, according to The Age who were given the pre-budget drop.

Premium landlords will contribute to the state&#39;s land tax revenue which is forecast to rise by more than 10 per cent, or $1.5 billion over four years.

Land tax will increase for all land holdings worth more than $1.8 million from next year, rising by 0.25 percentage points for land worth between $1.8 million and $3 million, and by 0.3 percentage points in excess of $3 million.&nbsp;

Apartment developers have slammed the increase in property taxes as likely to put the sector&rsquo;s fragile recovery in peril.

But developers face being hit with a new windfall gain tax on some land where rezoning had lifted property values, which could lead to longer term higher apartment and house and land prices in major projects.

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Rezoned land will be taxed from next year, netting a forecast $125 million over four years.&nbsp;

Any gains of more than $100,000 will be hit with developers and land speculators who reap windfall gains facing a 50 per cent tax if the gain is worth $500,000 or more.

&ldquo;These increases show a fundamental lack of understanding,&rdquo; Urban Development Institute of Australia, Victorian division, chief executive Matthew Kandelaars said.

&ldquo;With property taxes representing nearly 50c in every dollar of state government revenue, we&rsquo;d hoped that the days of the government turning out the pockets of homeowners were over,&rdquo; Mr Kandelaars said.

HIA executive director Fiona Nield said Victoria already had the highest stamp duty rates in the country.&nbsp;

&ldquo;The activity generated from residential development supports jobs and economic activity and is key to supporting all Victorians as the state recovers from the economic shock of COVID-19,&rdquo; she said.

There has been the suggestion the impact will be greater in regional Victoria, as some urban growth land in Melbourne may be exempted.

The windfall gain tax could hit landowners helping to grow housing supply.

Nield said &quot;new taxes like these are passed on in higher land prices for all and stamp duty inhibits people from selling properties to allow for new homes to be built - it has direct impact on new housing affordability.&quot;

REIV President, Leah Calnan said the tax hikes will make Victoria a less desirable place to invest, ultimately harming jobs and the economy.

&ldquo;The government continues to burden Victorians with increases to property taxes. Property already accounts for more than 40 per cent of government revenue. There is not much more capacity any one sector to absorb further tax burden,&rdquo; Ms Calnan said.

&ldquo;These sledgehammer taxes could cause a flight from property,&rdquo; she said.

The Victorian Government has revealed plans for stamp duty and land tax increases in its 2021-22 State Budget which the industry suggests will worsen housing affordability

jchancellor

Busy six weeks for premium apartment buyers to beat Victoria's stamp duty rise from June 30, 2021

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Australia does not build enough new housing to support the growing population according to the Urban Development Institute of Australia with inadequate investment in urban infrastructure, high taxes and charges and excessive red tape on new developments driving the shortage in housing supply.
Whilst the overall rate of home ownership has only declined by a relatively modest 7%, from 71.3% of households in 1982 to 64.3% of households in 2011, according to UDIA, it masks the disproportionate decline experienced by younger generations, where rates of home ownership have collapsed. 
"The 25-34 and 35-34 year old demographics have seen the largest declines in the rate of home ownership, falling by 39% and 20% respectively. 
<a href="/images/2015/08/26/Screen%20Shot%202015-08-26%20at%209.31.53%20PM.png" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
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In the submission to the inquiry into Home Ownership, UDIA says there is an urgent need for governments to take necessary action in order to resolve these issues and restore housing affordability.
"UDIA is strongly of the view that Australia has not built enough new dwellings to support population growth for many years, and that the country now suffers from a significant underlying shortage of homes, pushing up both rents and house prices. 
"Population growth must be planned for, with the necessary land, new housing and infrastructure to support population growth. Doing so will ensure that population growth is managed sustainably and for the benefit of the entire community. 
"Timely and sufficient provision of new urban infrastructure, such as transport, utilities, and community facilities is a particularly important factor for ensuring an adequate supply of new land. Infrastructure investment can act as a critical catalyst for development and new supply, by improving access and opening up new areas for urban growth."
UDIA made several recommendations to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics such as provide additional funding for investment in new urban infrastructure, in order to unlock land for development. 
"The Commonwealth should work with state governments to prepare comprehensive strategic plans for future urban infrastructure, land-use planning, and land supply, to align with forecast population growth. 
"Facilitate non-traditional methods of funding infrastructure, to increase the level of funding available for infrastructure investment at both a federal and state level."
UDIA believes that costs associated with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC Act) are a concern for the development industry.
"The Commonwealth should work with State Governments to undertake planning system reform to reduce delays and increase certainty in planning, zoning, assessment and approval systems, and increase the flexibility with which they operate. 
"UDIA supports the creation of a single, streamlined environmental approvals system to reduce the red tape associated with duplicated systems, without harming environmental outcomes. The Government should continue with its plan to streamline the environmental approval process to create a ‘one stop shop’. 
"The Commonwealth should stop attempts to restrict development around airports and airport corridors beyond the current and existing standards. 
"Stamp duty on property purchases should be phased out, and replaced with more efficient taxes, such as a broadening of the GST. 
"Governments should avoid revenue raising through the application of up front developer charges, and should seek to fund infrastructure through recurring charges directly related to specific infrastructure investment, over extended time frames. 
"The Commonwealth should cease plans to shift the cost of providing the National Broadband Network to new home buyers through up front connection, network and backhaul charges. 
"Governments should commit to broadening the base and reducing the rate of land tax regimes over a number of years, as an efficient way to raise revenue and reduce reliance on up front developer charges. 
"Governments should ensure land taxes apply per land holding, not on an aggregate basis, to in order promote large scale land development. 
"Land taxes should be levied on only the unimproved value of land, to avoid distorting disincentives to invest in improvements. 
"Exclude state and local government taxes and charges from GST calculations on land development, to reduce double taxation and improve tax system integrity. 
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New housing needed to support population: UDIA

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GUEST OBSERVER
Stamp duty is a tax that discourages the buying of homes and it should be replaced by a broad land tax. 
State governments have become comfortable with the large income they get from stamp duty on the purchase of homes but they must look at better, more efficient ways to raise funds.
Sydney’s housing is among the most expensive in the world and this is partly driven by the various taxes and levies required by governments. A broad based land tax would spread the income base across all land owners rather than only focussing on the sale of homes.
Recent discussion in the media has advocated for the end of stamp duty, to be replaced with an ongoing annual land tax, and this move has gained widespread support from business groups, social service advocates and the development industry. 
Many economists, including the Prime Minister himself, and Ken Henry, author of the 2010 Henry Tax Review, have stated that a broad based land tax is the most equitable and fairest way to tax property owners and developers. Unlike stamp duty which imposes a huge up-front financial burden upon home buyers, a broad-based land tax, paid annually and spread over a wider base of people, provides a steady income stream to government to fund infrastructure and does not hurt home buyers the way stamp duty does. 
Increasingly, young people are finding it more and costly to purchase a home, and stamp duty adds thousands and thousands to the cost of their mortgage. A land tax ensures that a larger pool of people contribute a small amount of tax, rather than hitting a home buyers with huge financial burden. Who wants to see their children struggling to pay off all thousands of dollars of taxes when they buy their first home? 
Broad based land taxes are simple to administer and encourage urban consolidation as the tax paid is based upon the size of the land. This tax encourages a more environmentally sustainable urban form. 
This is an excellent tax reform and will provide huge benefits for home buyers and a steady income stream for the government to fund infrastructure. 
Chris Johnson is chief executive officer of property development industry group Urban Taskforce and can be contacted <a href="https://www.urbantaskforce.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=97&amp;Itemid=126#.Vdaart55dFI" target="_blank">here</a>. 
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A broad land tax should replace stamp duty: Chris Johnson

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GUEST OBSERVER
Minister Dominic Perrottet’s proposal to replace the transaction tax of stamp duty with a broad based land tax will help housing affordability. 
The Urban Taskforce has previously advocated for the replacement of stamp duty with a land tax and it is good to see the NSW Finance Minister raising the potential for this to occur.
Adding around $40,000 to the cost of buying a home discourages sales and increases the cost of housing.
Clearly state governments have come to rely on stamp duty income with NSW expecting $8.7 billion this year. The stamp duty will provide more funds in boom times and this will diminish as the market slows down. A land tax however will give consistent income that grows with the value of land.
Land tax, especially if it is distributed across all land, is a good way for governments to capture value from the uplift in land value through the impact of new infrastructure like a metro rail line.
Stamp duty is also contributing to an even bigger issue by discouraging owners of large homes to downsize to a smaller home. NSW Planning Minister, Rob Stokes, has raised the issue of the large number of unused bedrooms in large houses occupied by one or two older people. The removal of stamp duty would be an incentive for these people to downsize leaving the larger home for a family.
Housing Affordability is clearly a big issue across Sydney and the Urban Taskforce has recently proposed an approach that could yield 4,000 new affordable rental homes a year by modifying the NSW Affordable Rental Housing SEPP. We also support a speeding up of the planning system to boost supply and the removal of stamp duty. These three measures, using the Affordable Rental Housing SEPP, speeding up the planning system and replacing stamp duty would go a long way to helping with housing affordability in Sydney.
Recent demographic data from the NSW Department of Planning has shown that the population is increasing faster than expected. This means Sydney must average 37,000 new homes a year but in the current boom times this should be around 40,000 homes. Last financial year only 30,000 homes were built which is 10,000 below what is needed. The Urban Taskforce proposal to allow housing projects to add 20 percent more area for affordable homes would also boost supply in Sydney by around 4,000 a year.
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The Urban Taskforce is keen to work with all levels of government to find ways to help with housing affordability. As the major providers of new housing stock it is the developers who must be incentivised to provide the thousands of affordable homes Sydney desperately needs.
Chris Johnson is chief executive officer of property development industry group Urban Taskforce and can be contacted <a href="https://www.urbantaskforce.com.au" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Replacing stamp duty with land tax will help housing affordability

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GUEST OBSERVER
Increasing land tax as an alternative to raising the GST rate could have far reaching ramifications on both property owners and the broader property industry. 
Imposing land tax to all land owners from a state level should only be considered in line with the reduction or abolition of transfer duty. 
Failure to do this could cause the property industry, one of Australia’s largest earners and employers, to slow drastically.
Lifting the GST rate could potentially have a regressive tax impact. 
Lower income earners generally spend a higher proportion of their income on necessities. 
Land is already heavily taxed through stamp duty, such as transfer duty, landholder duty, rates, income tax, including capital gains tax and, of course, land tax.
If land tax was to be increased, it could dampen activities in the sector which could also affect those working in the industry and the wider economy, not just property owners. 
Making the ownership and transaction costs of property too expensive could reduce investment and development activities in the sector. 
We all know the impact of a property industry downturn, which affects a wide range of workers in the real estate and construction industries, not just property owners. 
Many property owners are just mum and dad investors, so increasing ownership costs through land tax could erode the viability of their investments, which may also trigger a potential depression in property investments. 
It is not fair to punish people for wanting to get ahead financially by investing in property.
BDO is committed to encouraging public debate and being at the forefront of discussions around Australian tax reform. From next week BDO invites participation in the annual BDO Tax Reform Survey.
Hung Tran is BDO Brisbane Real Estate and Construction partner and can be contacted <a href="https://www.bdo.com.au/en-au/our-people/hung-tran" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Land tax hike not viable alternative to GST reform

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No one needs to do more about housing affordability than the NSW State Government. Sadly, no one is doing less.
The Victoria State Government has made an encouraging start to tackling some of the issues in Melbourne. The Northern Territory Government is doing plenty to help first-home buyers in Darwin.
Even in Tasmania, where Hobart prices are so low relative to other cities you wonder why they feel the need, the State Government is taking decisive action to help young buyers and the housing industry generally.
But in Sydney, the location with the biggest problems, the NSW Government has to date done nothing.
It has contributed mightily to the problems by ripping obscene amounts of revenue out of the housing industry and imposing major regulatory burdens on the development industry. But despite the rhetoric of Premier Gladys Berejiklian (who, as a former state treasurer should have some understanding of the issues and the numbers), the State Government has done nothing to assist.
In NSW stamp duty receipts have reached a record high. Official figures show that $1.98 billion in stamp duty poured into government coffers in the March Quarter alone – a $315 million increase on the first quarter of last financial year.
Stamp duty from all property transfers has risen $859 million so far this financial year, compared with the same period in 2015-16. This represents a 10 percent increase in stamp duty on residential property, outpacing the Treasury forecast of a 4.8 percent rise for 2016-17.
That’s a major part of the problem. The State Government has built a Budget surplus on the back of revenue from real estate, thereby adding to the costs that burden buyers, while claiming to care about affordability issues.
In considering what it can do ease price pressures, the NSW Government might ponder this question: why does residential land in Sydney cost twice what it does in Melbourne? The median price for a home site in Sydney in 2016 was double that of Melbourne’s, according to the recent State of the Land report.
One possible explanation is that Melbourne brought far more residential land to the market last year than Sydney did. Indeed, 40 percent of the new land marketed in capital city Australia in 2016 was in Melbourne.
Increasing supply is regarded by some as the silver bullet solution. It’s not, but it’s certainly part of range of measures that jointly might create improvement.
And certainly the Property Council has “turbo-charging housing supply through increased land supply and planning reform” at the top of its five-point plan to address affordability issues in Sydney. If Melbourne can create so much new housing land for sale, what’s holding Sydney back?
Increasing the supply of housing won’t help affordability if the new dwellings are expensive, because it costs so much to create them.
Which is why next on the Property Council wish list comes “reforming state property taxes and reducing fees, charges and red tape”.
It’s been reported many times but it’s worth repeating: research indicates that 40 percent of the cost of creating the average house-and-land package comprises government fees, charges and taxes.
That reinforces my view that the politicians who rage against foreign investors and negative-geared Australian investors are themselves the problem. Every time a state government in Australia announces its annual Budget, affordability in that state gets worse.
Some of the most vocal critics of the affordability problem in Sydney have been NSW state politicians, when they themselves are the people best placed to create remedies. They can start by reducing the cost burdens they place on the process of building and buying new homes.
Meanwhile, their populist scapegoating of foreign investors, and multiple measures by federal and state governments to nobble offshore buyers, are making the affordability problems worse.
The most effective way to cause property prices to fall – indeed, in my experience, the only way – is to create an oversupply. Some of our major cities have been heading unwittingly down that path recently, notably in the inner-city apartment markets in Melbourne, Perth and Brisbane.
But major projects made viable by the prospect of selling some of the product to foreign buyers will not proceed because of a range of measures by federal and state governments to make investment by offshore buyers unattractive, if not unviable.
They’ve made matters worse for young buyers while claiming to be improving their chances.
Don’t be surprised if one of the few measures the NSW State Government will introduce in its next Budget will be extra taxes and charges on foreign buyers. It will be another cash grab, dressed up as policy to “level the playing field for young Australians”.
Terry Ryder is the founder of <a href="https://www.hotspotting.com.au/" target="_blank">hotspotting.com.au</a>. You can <a href="mailto:%20%3Cscript%20type='text/javascript'%3E%20%3C!--%20var%20prefix%20=%20'ma'%20+%20'il'%20+%20'to';%20var%20path%20=%20'hr'%20+%20'ef'%20+%20'=';%20var%20addy38821%20=%20'ryder'%20+%20'@';%20addy38821%20=%20addy38821%20+%20'hotspotting'%20+%20'.'%20+%20'com'%20+%20'.'%20+%20'au';%20document.write('%3Ca%20'%20+%20path%20+%20'/''%20+%20prefix%20+%20':'%20+%20addy38821%20+%20'/'%3E');%20document.write(addy38821);%20document.write('%3C//a%3E');%20//--%3E/n%20%3C/script%3E%3Cscript%20type='text/javascript'" target="_blank">email him</a> or follow him on <a href="https://twitter.com/hotspotting" target="_blank">Twitter.</a>
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terryryder-YECXbqmri2

Why does residential land in Sydney cost twice what it does in Melbourne?

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EXPERT OBSERVER
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<a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/2019/01/hows-act-land-tax-going"></a>Canberra rents surge </h3>
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<div>I've been consistent on this point (often wrong, but never in doubt!): taxes in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are far too high for landlords to invest there en masse, which will lead to a rental shortage as the population steadily grows. </div>
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<div>There are a lot of 'well, in theory...' type comments made about this point, however, including by me, so let's stick to the hard data for today.</div>
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<div>Rental vacancy rates fell from 2½ per cent in 2014 when rate rises were first introduced to 0.6 per cent in October 2018. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Rental markets are seasonal in the ACT and often tighten through the early months of the calendar year, and in turn Canberra could take out Hobart in Tasmania for title of most undersupplied capital city rental market in 2019, which is is some feat (click to expand): </div>
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<div class="separator"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vT1xNQ-Dd80/XDbv-FMFELI/AAAAAAAAt3c/cYKMVTIhmYgYm33-es2Bb-k5EyZiZE-ygCEwYBhgL/s1600/SQM2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vT1xNQ-Dd80/XDbv-FMFELI/AAAAAAAAt3c/cYKMVTIhmYgYm33-es2Bb-k5EyZiZE-ygCEwYBhgL/s640/SQM2.jpg" width="640" height="350" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="1453"></a></div>
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<div>Asking rents for houses in Canberra are now up by more than 26 per cent over the past three years alone. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>A major issue is that rates are often far too high on units as well, despite the relatively low land value content of this property type. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>The asking rent for 2-bedroom units in Canberra is also up by more than 23 per cent over the same time period!</div>
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<div>In Canberra! </div>
<div> </div>
<div class="separator"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qPJMlBBFvq8/XDbv93SNgdI/AAAAAAAAt3g/ybb9rzPeXyQohtoeTKB8Ta16YaZc7WzGACLcBGAs/s1600/sqm1.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qPJMlBBFvq8/XDbv93SNgdI/AAAAAAAAt3g/ybb9rzPeXyQohtoeTKB8Ta16YaZc7WzGACLcBGAs/s640/sqm1.jpg" width="640" height="188" data-original-height="229" data-original-width="777"></a></div>
 <div>Source: SQM Research</div>
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<div>
If you don't like asking rents - and you may not - then Domain's actual rental report figures this week were similar. Domain reported that Canberra is now a more expensive city in which to rent a home than even Sydney, with rents spiralling as high as the Black Mountain Tower. 
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<div> </div>
<div>Dr. Nicola Powell:</div>
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<div>"With investors slugged with higher rates and land taxes, it is likely landlords are passing on the additional costs to tenants, or opting for high yielding short-term leases in order to recover costs."</div>
<div> </div>
<div>On the plus side there have been some significant apartment projects approved for construction, but one questions which landlords are going to buy them and rent them out. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Politicians seeking tax deductions, perhaps. Foreign investors won't supply the rentals any longer, having already been taxed out of the market. <div class="separator"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SLAOdeLo-_w/XDb2yteH7-I/AAAAAAAAt38/-gvstrSWvQgPXqqff-6uw_xnFupyVf8EwCLcBGAs/s1600/China.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SLAOdeLo-_w/XDb2yteH7-I/AAAAAAAAt38/-gvstrSWvQgPXqqff-6uw_xnFupyVf8EwCLcBGAs/s640/China.jpg" width="640" height="128" data-original-height="146" data-original-width="729"></a></div>
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<div>Some people are even campaigning for high land taxes, and the ALP negative gearing reforms, and a doubling of capital gains tax (all of this on top of the changes made to foreign investment, interest-only lending, restrictions on Division 40 depreciation, disallowance of travel expenses etc etc.). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>There's nothing much to say but best of luck with that!</div>
<div>
 It's a small city, which grows in population by less than 10,000 per annum. Way to go!</div>
<div> </div>
<div>PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of AllenWargent property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">blogger</a>.</div>
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