Gdp Growth

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EXPERT INSIGHT

We have lifted our growth forecast for 2021 from 4% to 4.5%; the key will remain the household sector, where accumulated savings; ongoing reopening; vaccines and the boom in the housing market are likely to offset the major headwinds of reduced government support and zero net immigration.

Westpac has lifted its GDP growth forecast in 2021 from 4% to 4.5%, with the 2022 forecast holding at 3%.

The December quarter national accounts provided rich evidence of the key dynamics that will emerge as the recovery continues.

They showed continued evidence of Australia’s bounce back from the pandemic induced recession in the first half of 2020.

Growth in GDP printed at 3.1%qtr, following the 3.4% increase in the September quarter. Annual growth is now -1.1% for 2020, compared to market expectations of -2% only a week earlier.

The key components of growth – household consumption; business investment and dwelling construction all surprised on the upside.

Our forecasts for GDP growth anticipate solid ongoing momentum in those components in 2021.

Household consumption lifted by 4.3% in the December quarter 2020, significantly boosted by the reopening of Victoria where spending increased by 10.4%. Spending in the rest of Australia rose by 2.3%. This result provides compelling evidence of the “reopening” effect with Victoria contributing around 2ppts to the growth rate in household spending.
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bevans

Boom in housing market likely to offset major economic headwinds: Westpac's Bill Evans

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Expert Observer

<h2>National accounts</h2>

‘V-shaped’ recovery: The Australian economy (as measured by gross domestic product or GDP) grew by 3.1 per cent in the December quarter (consensus: +2.5 per cent) after rising 3.4 per cent in the September quarter and contracting 7 per cent in the June quarter. It was the biggest six-month lift in GDP since quarterly records began in 1959. GDP is still 1.1 per cent smaller than a year ago.

Annual result: In 2020, the economy contracted 2.5 per cent (biggest fall since 1947) after growing 1.9 per cent in 2019.

Contribution to growth: The biggest contributions to growth came from household spending (+2.3 percentage points); business equipment (+0.3pp); ownership transfer costs, dwellings, government consumption (all +0.2pp); and public investment (+0.1pp). But detracting from growth was net exports, commercial construction and inventories (all -0.1pp).

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Income: Real net national disposable income rose by 4.9 per cent in the December quarter and was up by 2.1 per cent on the year. In nominal terms GDP rose by 4.2 per cent in the quarter and rose by 0.6 per cent over the year.

Productivity: GDP per hours worked was flat in the December quarter but was up by 2.5 per cent on the year.

Industry sectors: Seventeen of the 19 industry sectors grew in the December quarter. The biggest contribution to the overall increase in output came from Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (+0.5 percentage points) from Professional, Scientific and Technical Services and Administrative and Support Services (both +0.3pp). Output fell 1.0 per cent in Mining in the quarter with Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services down 0.9 per cent.

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<h2>What does it all mean?</h2>

It has been a most curious period for the Australian economy. After entering recession in the first half of 2020, the economy roared back in the final six months of the year. Clearly it has been all about Covid-19. Australian governments and the central bank responded quickly in locking down the economy and in providing the support and stimulus to families and businesses. The moves to suppress the virus were effective as were the support and stimulus measures.

<img alt="" height="977" src="https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/pictures/article-images/record_gdp_commsec.jpg" width="1200">

The ‘V-shaped’ nature of the recovery is everywhere to see – economic growth, the job market, retail spending and the housing market. The Reserve Bank acknowledges that the recovery has been stronger than expected.

But the job is not done. The economy is still around 1 per cent smaller than a year ago. Unemployment is still too high; inflation and wage growth are still too low. But the forward indicators like job ads and business and consumer surveys are positive.

We expect the economy to rebound 4.2 per cent in 2021 after contracting 2.5 per cent in 2020. Much still depends on Aussies doing the right thing with social distancing measures. The vaccine roll-out is in the infancy. And then there is the risk posed by mutant strains of the virus.

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Stimulus and support measures are still very much required, and any scale-back needs to be carefully managed. The Reserve Bank certainly hasn’t changed its rhetoric. Rates will remain low for another three years. Bond buying will continue. Cheap loans will remain under offer to business.  

The all-important jobless rate is expected to ease from 6.4 per cent currently to 5.7 per cent by the end of 2021. While still high, clearly it is moving in the right direction. But spare capacity will remain in the job market for a few more years, keeping the cash rate anchored at 0.1 per cent.  

Craig James is the chief economist at CommSec
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We expect the economy to rebound 4.2 per cent in 2021 after contracting 2.5 per cent in 2020

Joel Robinson

Biggest economic rebound on record: CommSec's Craig James

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Expert Observer

The Q4 National Accounts confirmed a brisk rebound in activity.

GDP printed at 3.1%qtr, -1.1%yr.

This was above expectations, market median and Westpac 2.5%.

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As we had flagged, the risks were to the upside – with the expenditure partials having surprised to the high side. That is how it played out.

The key theme, the economy rebounded rapidly through Q3, +3.4%, and Q4, +3.1%, with considerable momentum into 2021.

Consumers and businesses are upbeat, state governments are spending up, the housing market is red hot and the vaccine roll-out is underway.

Success on the health front has permitted the rolling back of most, but not all, covid restrictions. Victoria emerging from a second lock-down boosted activity in Q4 and will do so again in Q1.

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The recovery broadened in Q4:

(1) home building, up 4.1%, following a +1.6% for Q3, the first gains since June 2018, in response to cheap credit and government incentives, and

(2) business investment advanced, up 2.6%, led by equipment spending, +8.1%, in response to the accelerated depreciation allowance. That follows a string of negatives.

Real estate activity (ownership transfer costs) surged a further 15.2%, after a 21.6% rebound in Q3, to be 15.3% higher over the year – with the established housing market booming.

Consumer’s ability and willingness to spend is the key dynamic – certainly the relaxing of covid restrictions provides consumers with more opportunities to spend.

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The household saving ratio spiked to 22% in Q2, on the drop in spending associated with the lock-down and the wave of government income support. The savings rate moderated to 18.7% in Q3 and retraced to 12% in Q4 and will unwind further in 2021.

The critically important point, while there was a tapering of government support in Q4, which saw business profits moderate off a high level, consumers have a sizeable savings buffer to fund a further lift in spending – and that is what they are choosing to do.

The consumer picture was largely as expected with spending posting another strong gain, led by normalising conditions in Victoria, and despite a material drag on incomes from reduced fiscal supports.

Total consumption rose 4.3%qtr to be down just 2.7%yr. Victoria posted a 10.4% gain in the quarter, spending up 2.3%qtr across the other states combined.

The spending detail was a little stronger than expected around vehicles and retail but a touch softer than expected on services.

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Around incomes, wages rose 1.4%qtr with a strong increase in employment and hours worked more than offsetting initial drags from the wind-back in JobKeeper support. However real disposable income – including small business and non wage incomes and net of interest and tax – recorded a sizeable 3.3% fall. The rise in spending was thus funded out of a reduction in new savings, the savings rate falling from 18.7% in Q3 to 12% in Q4

Public demand continues to be a growth driver, up 1.0% in the quarter and a very brisk 6.5% over the year, in part driven by the response to covid.

Net exports were a small negative, -0.1ppt, as imports roared back, +4.9%, to meet the brisk rebound in domestic demand. Inventories, in total, subtracted -0.1ppt.

In other detail, the Expenditure measure of GDP printed at 3.0%, Income at 3.3% and Production at 3.1%.

Andrew Hanlan is a senior economist at Westpac.
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Consumers and businesses are upbeat, state governments are spending up, the housing market is red hot and the vaccine roll-out is underway.

December quarter sees GDP grow 3.1%: Westpac's Andrew Hanlan's insights

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EXPERT OBSERVER 
<div>GDP growth was estimated at a seasonally adjusted -0.3 per cent for Q1, leading to the inevitably mind-numbing 'recession we had to have' headlines. Over the year GDP growth slowed to +1.4 per cent. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Q1 could yet be revised up, of course - especially the very significant negative drag from inventories - and therefore the technical definition of a recession may yet be avoided. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>However, given that GDP growth in Q2 will clearly be severely negative this is largely semantics.</div>
<div> </div>
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 Nominal GDP growth over the year is floundering again. 
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<div>Real net national disposable income, as a proxy for living standards, has been fairly flat over the past six months. </div>
 
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 And the terms of trade have held up well to date, well above the long-run average. 
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<div>Meanwhile, the interest payable on dwellings continues to fall, now down to the lowest level since 2009 despite the dramatic increase in the dwelling stock over that time.</div>
 
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<div>Stimulus mixed</div>
<div> </div>
<div class="separator"> </div>
<div>With the Reserve Bank fading quietly into the background, the government must now do the heavy lifting with its fiscal stimulus.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The Aussie dollar has accordingly soared back towards US 70 cents, in turn slowing the adjustment process. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>The terms of the $688 million renovation stimulus missed the mark completely, leaving such a skinny cohort of prospective qualifying applicants that the government needn't have bothered with it. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Essentially you must own a house and undertake an expensive renovation within the next few months, but without having a high income (while a whole heap of renovation options are excluded): </div>
<div> </div>
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<div>
 Perhaps some retirees might qualify for a grant, and maybe a few young homeowners with wealthy parents. 
</div>
<div>The terms of the HomeBuilder grant scheme for new homes are far better targeted, and will undoubtedly be a net positive for the industry. </div>
<div>
 PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of AllenWargent property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">blogger</a>.
</div>
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pwargent-M4siyDbqQY

GDP headed down, recession all but locked in: Pete Wargent

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EXPERT OBSERVER

Australians saved rather than spent most of the budget tax cuts, almost doubling the proportion of household income saved, leaving spending languishing.

The September quarter <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/5206.0" target="_blank">national accounts</a> show that in the first three months of the financial year real household spending grew by just <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5206.0Main%20Features3Sep%202019">0.1%</a>, the least since the global financial crisis.

Over the year to September, inflation-adjusted spending grew by a mere 1.2%, also the least since the financial crisis. Australia’s population grew by 1.6% in that time, meaning the volume of goods and services bought per person went backwards.

<hr>
<h2>Quarterly growth in household spending</h2>

<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/305094/original/file-20191204-70149-1ixi708.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/305094/original/file-20191204-70149-1ixi708.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"></a>

Household final consumption expenditure, quarterly real growth. <a class="source" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5206.0Main%20Features3Sep%202019" target="_blank">Australian National Accounts</a>

Separate figures released by the Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries on Wednesday show November new car sales were <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/property-observer" target="_blank">down 9.8%</a> on November 2018.

By the end of November the Tax Office had issued more than 8.8. million tax refunds totalling A$25 billion, 30% more than a year before.

Instead of being largely spent, they were mostly saved, pushing up the household saving ratio from 2.7% to 4.8%, its highest point in more than two years.

<hr>
<h2>Household saving ratio</h2>

<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/305092/original/file-20191204-70144-nfcimx.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/305092/original/file-20191204-70144-nfcimx.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"></a> Ratio of household net saving to household disposable income. <a class="source" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5206.0Main%20Features1Sep%202019">Australian National Accounts</a>

<hr>
Treasurer Josh Frydenberg put the best face on the result, saying whether they had been spent or saved, the cuts had put households in a stronger position.

The government’s goal has always been to put more money into the pockets of the Australian people, and it’s their choice as to whether they spend or save that money

Separately calculated <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/8501.0Main+Features1Sep%202019" target="_blank">retail figures</a> show that in the three months to September the volume of goods and services bought fell 0.1%.

The disposable income households had available to spend grew an outsized 2.5%, driven by what the Bureau of Statistics said were the <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5206.0Main%20Features2Sep%202019" target="_blank">budget tax cuts</a>.

<h2>Growth at GFC lows</h2>

The Australian economy grew just 0.4% in the three months to September, down from 0.6% in the June quarter, and 0.5% in the March quarter.

Over the year to September it grew <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5206.0Main%20Features1Sep%202019" target="_blank">1.7%</a>, well short of the <a href="https://budget.gov.au/2019-20/content/bp1/download/bp1_bs2.pdf" target="_blank">budget forecasts</a>, which in year average terms were 2.25% for 2018-19 and 2.75% for 2019-20.

<hr>
<h2>Real GDP growth</h2>

<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/305100/original/file-20191204-70126-15uhedo.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/305100/original/file-20191204-70126-15uhedo.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"></a> <a class="source" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/5206.0Main%20Features1Sep%202019" target="_blank">ABS, Commonwealth Treasury</a>

<hr>
After taking account of population growth, GDP per person grew not at all in the September quarter. Over the year to September living standards grew a bare 0.2%.

Gross domestic product per hour worked, which is a measure of productivity, fell 0.2% during the quarter and fell 0.2% over the year.

Company profits were up 2.2% in the quarter and 12.7% over the year. Wage and superannuation payments grew at about half those rates: 1.2% and 5.1%.

Housing investment was down 1.7% over the quarter and 9.6% over the year.

What household spending growth there was was concentrated on essentials, led by health and rent. So-called discretionary or non-essential expenditures fell, led down by spending on cars, dining out and tobacco.

<hr>
<h2>Consumption growth by category, quarterly</h2>

<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/305120/original/file-20191204-70174-1ez6pr1.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/305120/original/file-20191204-70174-1ez6pr1.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"></a> Treasury definitions of discretionary and non discretionary spending. ABS, Commonwealth Treasury

<hr>
The economy was kept afloat by a surge in government spending. It grew 0.9% in the quarter and 6% over the year. Growth in government spending and investment together accounted for 0.3 of the quarter’s 0.4 points of economic growth.

<h2>Government and mining to the rescue</h2>

Mining production grew 0.7% over the quarter and 7.4% over the year. A mining-fuelled surge in exports (which eclipsed imports for the first time since the 1970s) contributed almost as much to economic growth as government spending.

Drought-affected farm production fell 2.1% over the quarter and 6.1% over the year.

Business investment fell 4% in the quarter and 1.7% over the year, led down by a 7.8% fall in mining investment in the quarter and a 11.2% fall over the year, as liquefied natural gas projects came to completion. Non-mining investment fell 0.4%.

Asked whether the December budget update would contain tax measures designed to boost business investment, the treasurer said he was in discussions with business. The update is expected in the week before Christmas.

There’s little evidence in today’s figures of the “<a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2019/mr-19-33" target="_blank">gentle turning point</a>” spoken about hopefully by the Reserve Bank governor as recently as Tuesday.

If things don’t pick by the bank’s first board meeting for the year in February, it is a fair bet it will cut its cash rate again. By then it will know what the treasurer did (or didn’t) do in the budget update and whether we decided to spend over Christmas.<img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/128297/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" width="1">

<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/peter-martin-682709" target="_blank">Peter Martin</a>, Visiting Fellow, <a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/crawford-school-of-public-policy-australian-national-university-3292" target="_blank">Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University</a>

This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/gdp-update-spending-dips-and-saving-soars-as-we-stash-rather-than-spend-our-tax-cuts-128297" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

GDP update: spending dips and saving soars as we stash rather than spend our tax cuts

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The Australian GDP fell 0.3 per cent in the March quarter, seasonally adjusted, according to figures released by the ABS.
That sees growth slow to 1.4 per cent through the year, the slowest through the year growth sine September 2009 when Australia was in the middle of the GFC.
The 0.3 per cent decline was the first quarterly pullback since 2011.
Private demand detracted 0.8 percentage points from GDP, driven primarily by a 1.1 per cent fall in household final consumption expenditure. 
Spending on services fell significantly, particularly where restrictions impacted most severely, such as air transport services, hotels, cafes and restaurants, recreation and culture. 
Spending on goods rose, most notably in food and pharmaceuticals, as households prepared for the introduction of restrictions. Imports of goods fell 3.9 per cent, with falls in consumption and capital goods reflecting weak domestic demand.
Imports of services fell 13.6 per cent, with travel services falling sharply in response to the global outbreak of COVID-19 and associated travel bans.
Exports of services declined 12.8 per cent, with restrictions on overseas arrivals reducing education related travel and tourism in Australia.
The household saving to income ratio rose to 5.5 per cent, reflecting a rise in gross disposable income and falls in consumption. 
Gross disposable income was driven by a 6.2 per cent increase in social assistance benefits due to both an increase in the number of recipients and the introduction of new government support packages in response to COVID-19 and bushfires.
Economists suggest Australia is certain to enter its first recession in 29 years.
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wdavis-8cCN98p7xp

GDP falls 0.3 per cent in March quarter as COVID-19 starts to take its toll: ABS

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Mainland China’s rebound accelerates as HSBC Global Research raises GDP growth forecast from 1.7 per cent to 2.4 per cent.
Infrastructure and property investment seem set to be the most important drivers of GDP growth, according to the banking corporation.
Private consumption, however, is likely to continue to lag behind as demand has yet to pick up. 
"Households facing job-market uncertainty are saving more and likely to stay cautious as virus risks remain", Chief China economist Qu Hongbin reported. 
"We thus expect year-on-year rises in retail sales of only 1.3 per cent in the third-quarter and 6.3 per cent in October-December."
Infrastructure investment has recovered sharply, funded by 4.75 trillion renminbi (AUD947 billion) of special government bonds, and is set to grow by 15 per cent compared with a year earlier.
Fuelled by credit availability and a quick recovery in real estate transactions, property investment has experienced a similar rebound.
Hongbin noted the government deficit, 3.3 per cent of GDP in the first half of this year, is likely to increase to 7.7 per cent in the second half.
This will provide strong support for further economic recovery.
The HSBC report noted the banking corporation still expect 7.5 per cent growth next year.
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China 2020 GDP forecast raised to 2.4 per cent: HSBC Global Research

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The following charts describes what the Reserve Bank of Australia knows about Australia's economy especially GDP growth and inflation:
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/01/06/RBA%20CHART-1.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/01/06/RBA%20CHART-1.jpg" alt="">
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/01/06/RBA%20CHART-2.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/01/06/RBA%20CHART-2.jpg" alt="">
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/01/06/RBA%20CHART-3.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/01/06/RBA%20CHART-3.jpg" alt="">
<a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2017/01/06/RBA%20CHART-4.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dz9xllyip/image/fetch/c_scale,w_580,q_auto:good/https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/po.images/2017/01/06/RBA%20CHART-4.jpg" alt="">
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RBA's January chart pack gives insight to Australian GDP growth and inflation

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EXPERT OBSERVATION
Westpac's Andrew Hanlan has cited two key events this week, the Central Bank forum being hosted by the ECB and in Australia the RBA minutes.
<iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/275542798" frameborder="0" width="420" height="350"></iframe>
Real GDP grew by 1.0% in the March quarter, lifting annual growth to 3.1% - an above trend outcome, with trend judged to be 2.7%. Non-farm GDP grew by 3.6% over the year, the strongest annual outcome since 2012. These results bring output growth more into line with that for employment, which increased by 3.5% over the year.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/JuneRealGDOGrowth.jpg" alt="Ralk" title="GSP">
Economic conditions have been supported by a combination of global and domestic forces, leading to conditions becoming more synchronised across the state economies, namely:
<ol>
<li>The global backdrop is more favourable. World growth accelerated in 2017 to 3.8%, up from 3.2%, the strongest pace since 2011. We expect world growth to hold around this 3.8% pace in 2018, supported by the US. However, conditions in China are likely to moderate.</li>
<li>Commodity prices are up off the lows of late 2015, improving cash flows for miners and boosting government tax revenues. Going forward, we expect commodity prices to moderate as China slows and supply expands.</li>
<li>The mining investment drag is greatly diminished, albeit not quite complete.</li>
<li>Non-mining investment is trending higher, led by construction activity, to meet the needs of a fast growing population. Notably, total business investment turned the corner in 2017, up 6%, following four years of decline.</li>
<li>Public demand, a quarter of the economy, grew by a brisk 5.5% over the year, directly adding 1.3ppts to activity, with additional positive spill-over effects. Investment in an upswing (centred on transport infrastructure) and additional resources are being directed to health.</li>
<li>Exports are a growth driver, adding 0.9ppts to activity over the year, with strength in LNG (expanding capacity) and services (albeit current estimates suggest a recent consolidation).</li>
</ol>
Weaknesses remain, particularly around the consumer and housing. The consumer is vulnerable at a time of weak wages growth, high debt levels and slipping house prices. The housing sector is cooling as lending conditions tighten, with prices easing back from recent highs. Auction clearance rates in Sydney and Melbourne have slipped further to now be at below average levels.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/JuneGDPContrib.jpg" alt="June " title="GDP contr">
Consumer spending is choppy (up only 0.3% in the March quarter) and ‘slightly below trend’ (up 2.9% over the year). Even the current pace of consumer spending appears unsustainable over the forecast period – we expect a slowing to 2.5% for 2018 and 2019. Spending has been supported by a drop in the savings rate, declining to 2.1% from 4.0% a year ago, with the scope for a further run-down diminished. In addition, the turnaround in housing price growth, from 11.3%yr nationally a year ago to –1.5%yr currently, could see negative spill-overs for consumer demand, although ‘wealth effect’ boosts look to have been very muted through the price upturn (see p14).
Total labour income grew by a robust 5.1% over the past year, but this was largely reliant on a very strong hiring burst that looks to have been temporary. Wages, as measured by average compensation of non-farm employees, grew by only 1.6% over the year, to be flat in real terms. Employment increased by 3.5% in the year to the March quarter 2018, twice population growth, in part a catch-up following a hiring pause around the July 2016 Federal election. Jobs growth has subsequently slowed in 2018, to 1.2% annualised for the initial five months - for the full year we expect an increase of around 1.8%.
<img src="https://westpaciq.westpac.com.au/wibiqauthoring/_uploads/image/bulletin/Justin_Images/JuneHHLabourINc.jpg" alt="JuneHh" title="Labour">
As to home building activity, this contracted by 5.0% in 2017, consistent with the decline in dwelling approvals from the historic highs of 2016, largely centred on high rise projects. This downturn has further to run with the contraction accelerating into 2019 after a near-term consolidation early in 2018. Large increases in new supply and a marked slowdown in sales to foreigners are weighing on the outlook for residential building.
In summary, key positives around pubic demand, business construction investment and exports will provide a solid base for overall economic activity However, with weaknesses in consumer spending and housing we expect GDP growth to moderate to 2.7% in the year to December 2018 and then slip to a below trend 2.5% for December 2019.
Andrew Hanlan is senior economist for Westpac and can be contacted <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://au.linkedin.com/pub/andrew-hanlan/3/222/430" target="_blank">here</a>.
 
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