Capital Cities

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<p><img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/57114/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1"></p>
<p><span>GUEST OBSERVER</span></p>
<p><span>The new assistant minister for cities and digital transformation, Angus Taylor, spoke last week of his enthusiasm for a “new vehicle” for creating partnerships between all three levels of government to drive the sustainable growth of our cities.</span></p>
<p><span>This “tried and tested” vehicle is based on the UK government’s City Deals model, which has been running in England since 2012.</span></p>
<p><span>In a nutshell, this model encourages city councils or groupings of councils to work together more effectively in identifying local economic development opportunities. They then strike a deal with the central government to secure the funding necessary to realise these opportunities.</span></p>
<p><span>Part of the UK government’s so-called “localism agenda”, this approach was designed to give more power and freedom to localities so they could do what they thought best to achieve growth in their area.</span></p>
<p><span>This approach has been heavily spruiked in Australia by KPMG and by the Property Council of Australia to Taylor and his ministerial predecessor, Jamie Briggs. The Property Council’s Ken Morrison and KPMG’s Paul Low helpfully set out in their joint pamphlet nine reasons why this approach provides a model for Australian urban policy.</span></p>
<p><span>How do the City Deals stack up?</span></p>
<p><span>So let’s look at each of these reasons. How do they stand up to scrutiny? That includes the scrutiny of the UK National Audit Office (NAO), which in July 2015 published a progress review of the first wave of English City Deals.</span></p>
<ol>
<li><span>It’s a contract – the deal is a deal! In Australia the deals will be more complicated if the partners have to come from each of the three levels of government. And, as we know, federal and state governments have been known to tear up deals struck by their predecessors.</span></li>
<li><span>The focus is on productivity and growth. The NAO review found that deal partners can struggle to agree on measures of growth and productivity. The Treasury and the Greater Manchester partnership took two years to agree the terms of their “earn back” deal.</span></li>
<li><span>They encourage local leadership and good governance. While it is a sensible move for some local councils to come together in combined authorities, some of these now look remarkably similar to the English Metropolitan Country Councils abolished in 1986 by a previous Conservative government. Creating a more efficient profile of local governments in Australia is a challenge many state and territory governments shy away from.</span></li>
<li><span>They use smarter tools for making infrastructure investment decisions. There is certainly scope for making infrastructure decisions on the basis of more comprehensive and rigorous criteria. It is somewhat incongruous, though, to prosecute a localism agenda while at the same time insisting on assessment by a central unit located within the Treasury.</span></li>
<li><span>They unlock innovative financing. The NAO review found that ministers often quickly published high-level ambitions, sometimes before departmental officials had agreed to specific funding packages. Haven’t we learnt to be cautious of policy rhetoric outstripping careful implementation planning?</span></li>
<li><span>They help join up economic, social and sustainability goals. While the goals might be joined up – an excellent ambition – it has proved extremely difficult to set up evaluation frameworks that can demonstrate with any rigour what the long-term impacts are and what would have happened without the deals.</span></li>
<li><span>They promote powerful political leadership. Directly elected mayors are already common in some parts of Australia and local councils are typically much smaller than in the UK. Whether a formal partnership of local councils in Australia would find it easy to allow one mayor to be first among equals is a moot point.</span></li>
<li><span>They promote financial literacy skills at the local level. City Deals did not provide any extra funding to build local management capacity. Local partners were expected to pool their resources to achieve this. The NAO concluded that this approach was not sustainable in the context of continuing reductions in central funding to local government.</span></li>
<li><span>They rely less on inefficient taxes. Without specifying what these inefficient taxes might be, we can safely assume this approach won’t involve any reform of negative gearing or capital gains tax on property holdings.</span></li>
</ol>
<p><span>New titles, same old song</span></p>
<p><span>City Deals have been sold in the UK as a significantly new approach to urban policy, but they look remarkably similar to measures that have been promoted over the last 40 years.</span></p>
<p><span>Every UK urban policy initiative introduced since the mid-1970s has spoken of the importance of partnerships, cross-departmental co-ordination, multi-sectoral intervention and local leadership. While the titles of these initiatives may have changed, the song has remained the same.</span></p>
<p><span>And here lies the biggest challenge. We know that:</span></p>
<ul>
<li><span>the problems are inter-related and the all levels of government need to work productively together and with other sectors;</span></li>
<li><span>departmental silos within government get in the way of strategic planning; and</span></li>
<li><span>scarce public resources need to be invested wisely.</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span>And we know that to overcome these problems we need a much greater degree of policy stability and long-term, bipartisan commitment. What we do not need is to jump on yet another urban policy bandwagon from overseas – one that is already being tinkered with in its country of origin.</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.3em;"> </span></p>
<p><em><span class="fn author-name">Paul Burton is p</span><span style="line-height: 1.3em;">rofessor of Urban Management and Planning &amp; Director, Urban Research Program, Griffith University and author for The Conversation. He can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/paul-burton-5155" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></em></p>
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City Deals: nine reasons this imported model of urban development demands due diligence

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<p><span>CoreLogic undertook analysis of the recent March 2018 quarter consumer price index (CPI) data which confirmed that in inflation adjusted terms, dwelling values are now lower in most capital cities.</span></p>
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<p><span>(Note: consumer price index (CPI), which measures inflation, increased by 0.4% over the March 2018 quarter to be 1.9% higher year-on-year. With the release of this data, it is also possible to look at inflation-adjusted or real changes in dwelling values across the capital cities. When looking at these figures, the inflation adjustment means that value growth is lower).</span></p>
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<p><span>The results showed that national dwelling values fell by -1.0% and </span>were -0.7% lower over the past 12 months, however, Hobart was the only capital city where real values increased over the quarter (+3.0%) with Sydney recording the largest quarterly fall (-2.2%).</p>
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<p><span>Over the past twelve months, only Melbourne (+3.4%), Hobart (+10.9%) and Canberra (+1.0%) have seen dwelling values outpace inflation. The largest decline over the year was recorded in Darwin (-9.3%) followed by Perth (-4.3%) and Sydney (-4.0%).</span></p>
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<p><span>Over the past decade, only Sydney (+43.3%) Melbourne (+38.7%) </span><span>and Hobart (+6.4%) have recorded ‘real’ growth in dwelling values.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/4/26/corelogic%20expert%20obs%201.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge</p>
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<p><span>These latest figures really highlight just how </span><span>narrow value growth has been in the national housing market over the past decade. It also highlights that low mortgage rates alone have not been the key driver of value growth - mortgage rates are </span>the same in Sydney as they are in Perth yet the former has recorded real growth of 43.3% while the latter has seen values fall by -25.0%.</p>
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<p><span>With dwelling values dropping over recent months, all capital cities, except Hobart, now have real values which sit below their previous peak. Nationally, values are -2.0% lower than their June 2017 peak and across the combined capital cities values are a slightly greater -</span><span>2.5% lower. Let’s take a look at how dwelling</span><span>values have tracked in inflation adjusted terms across each capital city.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/images/2018/4/26/corelogic%20expert%20obs%202.jpg" target="_blank">Click here</a> to enlarge</p>
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<p><span>Sydney </span><span>– </span><span>values are 5.3% lower than their June 2017 peak.</span></p>
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<p><span>Melbourne </span><span>– </span><span>after peaking in December 2017, values are currently -0.9% lower.</span></p>
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<p><span>Brisbane </span><span>– </span><span>values peaked back in March 2008 and are currently - 12.5% lower.</span></p>
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<p><span>Adelaide </span><span>– </span><span>values currently sit -7.4% below their June 2010 peak.</span></p>
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<p><span>Perth </span><span>– </span><span>the city has seen values fall by -28.5% from their peak in December 2006. dwelling </span><span>values.”</span></p>
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<p><span>Hobart </span><span>– </span><span>with values increasing a further 10.9% over the past year, it is the only city where real dwelling values are currently at their peak.</span></p>
<p><span>Darwin </span><span>– </span><span>real dwelling values peaked in March 2013 and have since fallen by -28.2%.</span></p>
<p><span>Canberra </span><span>– </span><span>dwelling values are -6.8% lower than their June 2010 peak.</span></p>
<p><span>Although the rate of inflation is quite slow and remains below the Reserve </span><span>Bank’s </span><span>target range of 2% to 3% annually, value growth is now broadly slower and is expected to remain that way over the coming quarters.</span></p>
<p><span>As </span><span>a result, when looking at inflation-adjusted dwelling values the expectation is that they will continue to fall over the coming quarters which means that as the cost of other items increase and inflation rises, relatively speaking, the cost of housing will reduce. </span><span>We’ve </span><span>seen this result occurring in most capital cities for a number of years but is a relatively recent development in Sydney and Melbourne.</span><span>”</span></p>
<p><span>The </span><span>flow-on effect of value falls remains to be seen, however, it may result in less expenditure elsewhere across the economy, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne which have had strong retail demand over recent years due to the wealth-effect of increasing dwelling values.</span><span>”</span></p>
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<p><span><em><span>CAMERON KUSHER</span> is head of research for CoreLogic. You can contact him <a href="https://blog.corelogic.com.au/about/"><span class="s2">here</span></a>.</em></span></p>
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Hobart the only capital city where real dwelling values sit at their peak

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<div>Like many getting-a-bit-long-in-the-tooth Sydneysiders, I've increasingly been having recurring daydreams about selling a place at Bondi or in the inner west and trading it for a mansion at Maroochydore (or sometime it's a mooring at Mooloolaba). </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Probably about once a fortnight I have these fantasises, on average, I reckon. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>And then reality bites.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>I wake up and find that Infrastructure Australia (IA) has released another report, which always brings me back to earth and reminds me why I invested in inner-Sydney property in the first place. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>As ever, IA's Future Cities report presents a range of scenarios.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>There's a decentralised scenario which incorporates acres of building and hundreds of thousands of new homes in the south-west.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>And then there's a centralised scenario where everyone crams like crazy into zones close to the Central Business District (CBD), and to a lesser extent Parramatta.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>And then there's the medium-density scenario, which is a realistic mixture of the two, incorporating population growth across the city and on balance the most likely outcome. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>The scenarios have one thing in common: none of them envisages a Sydney in 2046 with a population of under 7.34 million. </div>
<p> </p>
<div><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PdMnCv6NaPM/WpCTHx3DIuI/AAAAAAAAoic/PKX5PyrObPwoXRjOHlN760TUpD5B47wUwCLcBGAs/s640/A3.jpg" width="640" height="240" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="1324"></div>
<p> </p>
<div>Although people are expected to live all over Sydney, the share of employment will remain heavily skewed to the CBD and city fringe, and to a secondary extent Parramatta. </div>
<p> </p>
<div><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aHGJZcD-GmI/WpDsUCuGnlI/AAAAAAAAois/t4fM1LPGEfcej_ytStllHGeERXSVygGMgCLcBGAs/s640/A1.jpg" width="640" height="450" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="1010"></div>
<p> </p>
<div>And there's a great deal of consideration of how people will get around with millions of extra people in essentially the same amount of space (as an investor, I've always gone for train links to the City or walking distance from the Sydney CBD). </div>
<p> </p>
<div><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nYjMyB370L0/WpDsgFvkAAI/AAAAAAAAoiw/tW2NMZ_pFIYAhZF5E69vfdV5TCOc_-q-ACLcBGAs/s640/A2.jpg" width="640" height="456" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="658"></div>
<p> </p>
<div>Nobody can predict the future, but one thing I will hang my hat on is a massive ongoing demand for rentals close to the middle of Sydney. </div>
<p>From the horse's mouth...</p>
<p>Between 2017 and 2046, Australia’s population is projected to increase by 11.8 million people. </p>
<div>That’s equivalent to adding a new city, roughly the size of Canberra, each year for the next 30 years. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>About 75% of this growth will occur in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Population growth is a central driver of this change. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>In the next 30 years, Sydney’s population is projected to increase by 2.4 million people, growing to be a city of 7.4 million. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Over the same period, Melbourne is projected to grow by 2.7 million people, to be a city of 7.3 million. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Between now and 2046, Brisbane is projected to grow by 1.6 million people and Perth by 2.2 million people, delivering cities of just under 4 million and 4.3 million, respectively.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>This means the Brisbane and Perth of tomorrow will become cities the size of Melbourne and Sydney today. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>While Melbourne and Sydney will become cities comparable to the current size of some of the world’s most significant urban economies, operating more like the Hong Kong, New York and London of today.'</div>
<div> </div>
<div>PETE WARGENT is the co-founder of AllenWargent property buyers (London, Sydney) and a best-selling author and <a href="https://petewargent.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">blogger</a>.</div>
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Brisbane and Perth of tomorrow will be cities the size of Melbourne and Sydney today: Pete Wargent

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<p class="post-title entry-title">EXPERT OBSERVER</p>
<div>Property transaction volumes have been crippled in recent months.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>But one key dynamic has not changed.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The capital cities continue to create hundreds of thousands of the most favourable employment opportunities...and there still ain't any more well-located land.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Capital city vacant land prices increased by a massive 16 per cent to a record high of $336,124 over the year to June 2018, as supply fails dismally to keep pace with demand. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>This was much faster than the 5 per cent increase for regional lot values. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Sydney may still have the highest land price at $477,250 at the end of the June quarter.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>But Melbourne recorded faster growth, with the median land price per square metre exploding another 27 per cent higher higher over FY2018. </div>
<div> </div>
<div>Sydney's median vacant land price per square metre is now $1,100, ahead of Melbourne at $885.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Price pressures are still strong in the residential land market, according to HIA.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>They found that the price and number of vacant residential lots sold increased across the state capital cities in the June 2018 quarter.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>The weighted median residential lot price for Australia's state capitals increased by 3.8% to $336,125 in the June 2018 quarter to be 15.5% higher over the year.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Melbourne saw the strongest price surge with vacant residential land in Melbourne jumping 26.5% over the year to the June 2018 quarter.</div>
<p class="post-body entry-content">Tim Lawless CoreLogic' Research Director agreed with this sentiment stating upwards pressure on capital city land values will continue. </p>
<div>He found construction costs are also rising faster than inflation.</div>
<div> </div>
<div>And accordingly, the future price of new detached housing will be "inevitably higher" according to CoreLogic analysis.</div>
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Capital city land price boom continues: Pete Wargent

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<p>This week there were 2,103 capital city auctions held and the preliminary clearance rate was 76.3 per cent across 1,704 results.</p>
<p>This week’s clearance rate represents a small fall from last week (76.9 per cent) and auction volumes are lower (2,512). Last year, the final auction clearance rate was 70.8 per cent, indicating that conditions across the auction market still remain stronger than at the same time last year; however the gap between the clearance rate is no longer as large as we saw earlier in the year. At the same time last year, 1,569 auctions were held, significantly lower than the number held this week.</p>
<p><a href="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Combined-capitals.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a></p>
<p><img src="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Combined-capitals.jpg" alt="" width="779" height="588"></p>
<p><span>Across </span><strong>Melbourne</strong><span>, 902 auctions were held this week, with a preliminary clearance rate of 76.5 per cent. This week’s clearance rate for Melbourne is lower than last (78.5 per cent), but higher than one year ago (73.3 per cent). Similarly, the number of auctions is lower than last week (1,085) and higher than a year ago (727). This week, there was only one Melbourne sub-region where the clearance rate was above 80 per cent. Outer East Melbourne saw 86.4 per cent of the 59 reported results sell. Following on from this, the second highest clearance rate for the week was across South East Melbourne at 78.5 per cent.</span></p>
<p><a href="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Melbourne.jpg" target="_blank"><span>Click to enlarge</span></a></p>
<p><span><img src="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Melbourne.jpg" alt="" width="748" height="506"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span>There were 907 </span><strong>Sydney</strong><span> auctions held this week and across the 702 reported results, 80.3 per cent were successful, pushing the cities clearance rate back above the 80 per cent mark for the first time in 5 weeks, so it will be interesting to see if the final results remain this high. Over the previous week, Sydney’s clearance rate was 78.3 per cent and 76.2 per cent last year. This week’s preliminary clearance rate for the city is 4.1 percentage points higher than one year ago, a much less significant difference than earlier this year when the gap between this year and last year’s clearance rate was consistently around the 10-15 per cent mark. So far, all of the 13 results reported to CoreLogic RP Data for the Outer South West region were sold; however there are still 9 results yet to be captured. The Inner West (86.6 per cent), City and Inner South (85.9 per cent) and North Sydney and Hornsby regions (85.1 per cent) were all strong contributors to Sydney’s strong preliminary result this week.</span></p>
<p><a href="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Sydney.jpg" target="_blank"><span>Click to enlarge</span></a></p>
<p><span><img src="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Sydney.jpg" alt="" width="746" height="512"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span>This week, </span><strong>Brisbane’s</strong><span> preliminary clearance rate was 60.2 per cent across 93 reported results. There were 130 homes taken to auction across the city this week, compared to 147 last week and 98 at the same time last year. Last week, Brisbane’s clearance rate was 61.1 per cent, while one year ago exactly half of all the reported auctions were sold. So far this week, 23 </span><strong>Gold</strong><span> </span><strong>Coast</strong><span> auction results have been reported, with 15 sales, representing a success rate of 65.2 per cent.</span></p>
<p><a href="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Brisbane.jpg" target="_blank"><span>Click to enlarge</span></a></p>
<p><span><img src="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Brisbane.jpg" alt="" width="760" height="513"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Adelaide’s</strong><span> preliminary clearance rate is 71.2 per cent this week, falling from 77.4 per cent last week (the strongest result for the city since early April) and higher than one year ago, when 65.6 per cent of auctions recorded a sale.</span></p>
<p><a href="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Adelaide.jpg" target="_blank"><span>Click to enlarge</span></a></p>
<p><span><img src="/images/2015/08/17/20150817-Adelaide.jpg" alt="" width="747" height="510"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p>The clearance rate for <strong>Perth</strong> was just 23.1 per cent this week based on preliminary results. Last week 50.0 per cent of Perth auctions were successful, while one year ago the cities clearance rate was 40 per cent.</p>
<p>There were 50 <strong>Canberra</strong> homes taken to auction this week, with 77.4 per cent selling. Over the previous week, a 74.1 per cent clearance rate was recorded and one year ago 51.2 per cent of reported results were successful.</p>
<p>Across <strong>Tasmania</strong> 5 auction results have been reported this week, with 3 sales.</p>
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Combined capital city clearance rate remains steady: CoreLogic RP Data's Shana Miller

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<p>EXPERT OBSERVER</p>
<p>In previous instances when value growth has slowed or started to fall in Sydney and Melbourne the experience has often been that value growth has ramped-up in other capital cities. This makes sense given that as affordability deteriorates in certain areas of the country people start to turn their attention elsewhere.  </p>
<p>This week’s blog takes a look at the comparative value of housing in other capital cities and nearby markets relative to in Sydney and Melbourne.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.corelogic.com.au/sites/default/files/2018-07/2018-07-23-blogimg1.png" alt="Dwelling value premium in Sydney relative to other capital cities" width="584" height="191"></p>
<p> <br>Sydney is the nation’s most expensive capital city housing market currently with the median dwelling value in June 2018 recorded at $870,554. The premium for the median dwelling value in Sydney relative to the other national capital cities is: 21% for Melbourne, 76% for Brisbane, 98% for Adelaide, 89% for Perth, 99% for Hobart, 101% for Darwin and 48% for Canberra. With dwelling values in Sydney now falling, the premium is reducing however, the cost of housing in Sydney relative to other capital cities is generally significantly higher than the long-term averages. In fact only Melbourne (42%) and Hobart (103%) have a current differential which is lower than the long-term average.</p>
<p><img src="https://www.corelogic.com.au/sites/default/files/2018-07/2018-07-23-blogimg2.png" alt="Dwelling value premium in Sydney relatice to Regional NSW areas" width="592" height="194"></p>
<p> <br>Of course, people that potentially migrate out of Sydney don’t necessarily only choose to go interstate, they may also migrate intrastate. The above chart highlights the value differential over time between Sydney and those regions adjoining the city as well as the Capital Region (adjoining Canberra) and Richmond-Tweed (adjoining South-East Queensland). The premium for Sydney dwellings compared to those in the other regions highlighted is currently: 105% for Capital Region, 176% for Central West, 113% for Hunter Valley exc Newcastle, 29% for Illawarra, 52% for Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, 64% for Richmond-Tweed and 47% for Shoalhaven. Although values have increased in regional NSW over the past year, the rate of growth has slowed substantially, particularly within Illawarra, Newcastle and Lake Macquarie and Southern Highlands and Shoalhaven. These three regions have been seeing strong value growth over the past five years and they are also the only three regions in which the value differential is lower (substantially so) than the long-term average.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.corelogic.com.au/sites/default/files/2018-07/2018-07-23-blogimg3.png" target="_blank">Click</a> to enlarge</p>
<p><img src="https://www.corelogic.com.au/sites/default/files/2018-07/2018-07-23-blogimg3.png" alt="Dwelling value premium in Melbourne relative to other capital cities" width="590" height="193"></p>
<p> <br>Looking at the value differential between Melbourne and other capital cities, except Sydney, Melbourne’s median dwelling value of $716,774 is higher than all other capital cities. The premium for Melbourne is currently recorded at: 45% for Brisbane, 63% for Adelaide, 55% for Perth, 64% for Hobart, 65% for Darwin and 22% for Canberra. The value differential for Melbourne to all these capital cities is greater than the long-term average. In fact, notwithstanding the recent slight reductions due to Melbourne value falls, the value gap between Melbourne and Brisbane, Melbourne and Adelaide and Melbourne and Darwin is the largest it has ever been.  </p>
<p><img src="https://www.corelogic.com.au/sites/default/files/2018-07/2018-07-23-blogimg4.png" alt="Dwelling value premium in Melbourne relative to Regional Vic areas" width="590" height="193"></p>
<p> <br>The above chart looks at the dwelling value premium for Melbourne relative to the major regional areas adjoining the capital city. Melbourne retains a significant premium in terms of housing costs relative to these areas. What is very different to what was shown in the chart for Sydney and Regional NSW areas is that outside of Geelong, the housing cost premium in Melbourne remains well above the long-term average. This suggests that while value growth has been rippling out of Melbourne to Geelong for some time, it has only just started to spill-out into the other three regions recently.  The current premium for Melbourne dwellings relative to the other regions is: 99% for Ballarat (80% long-term average), 100% for Bendigo (74% long-term average), 29% for Geelong (40% long-term average), 123% for Latrobe-Gippsland (89% long-term average). </p>
<p>There are some explainable reasons why dwelling values in Sydney and Melbourne have risen so substantially over recent years. These include but are not limited to: strong rates of migration to the cities, dramatically increased foreign investors, low mortgage rates, increased demand from investors and much stronger economic conditions than elsewhere in the country. The latest data shows a pull-back in net overseas migration, slowing interstate migration to NSW and Vic, foreign investment has reduced, fewer local investors and reduced availability of credit for housing despite still low mortgage rates. Sydney and Melbourne still have comparatively strong economies but we have started to see the economic performance elsewhere improve. Sydney and Melbourne have also seen a dramatic reduction in housing affordability over recent years as dwelling values have increased much faster than household incomes. The value gap between Sydney and Melbourne and other regions doesn’t necessarily mean that value growth will pick-up elsewhere where dwelling values are much lower. However, if other areas of the country can improve their economic performance, the lure of much more affordable housing may be enough of a lure to see an increasing number of Sydneysiders and Melbournians to migrate away from these two cities to other areas of the country.</p>
<p><em>Cameron Kusher is a property research analyst for CoreLogic</em></p>
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