Social Housing

The transformation of a new mixed housing community is a step closer, with almost 750 new homes approved for construction at Arncliffe, along with a new social housing element.

The NSW Government is partnering with Billbergia Group and not-for-profit community housing provider Evolve Housing to deliver the housing boost.&nbsp;

Billbergia Group Managing Director John Kinsella said the Arncliffe project is the third to be delivered in partnership with NSW Land and Housing Corporation.

<img alt="The Arncliffe project" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="6ef57bce-2b41-4779-83b7-81c3fd51569a" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-23%20at%2011.39.20%20am.png?VersionId=IkbfguaZG.73Sp5DMGsJSqKnHApfptOe" />

“Projects like these demonstrate how government and private sectors can work together to deliver social housing by taking a true long-term community view,” Kinsella said.

“We’re looking forward to transforming the dated social housing into a thriving new community which blends private and social housing into a vibrant precinct containing over 4,000 sqm of parklands and open space.”

Incoming NSW Land and Housing Corporation Chief Executive Simon Newport said the $253 million redevelopment is a leading example of how partnerships can deliver increased housing across the state.

<img alt="The Arncliffe project" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="23830cab-b56d-42ee-bb56-8c6e3991a6b2" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-23%20at%2011.39.14%20am.png?VersionId=_JbSXiXnxKYt9.ZvHVV5KIl5IHl.xotB" />

“This is what can be achieved when we collaborate with the private and not-for-profit sectors. At no cost to the taxpayer, we’ll deliver both an increase to the supply of new social and private housing,” Newport said.

“Just a stone’s throw from Arncliffe train station, we’ll see 180 homes for people in need and 564 new private dwellings delivered, supported by new local infrastructure, retail shops, community facilities and open space.”

During the height of the pandemic, many of the existing social housing units marked for demolition and redevelopment had their life extended for use as emergency housing, as development works slowed across the industry due to the impacts of COVID-19.

<img alt="The Arncliffe project" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d2a6b0c5-45af-4e97-b4aa-c9f433c732d4" src="https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/www.urban.com.au/s3fs-public/inline-images/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-23%20at%2011.39.03%20am.png?VersionId=M.FYR9FO8_xV8zhzrLdybqEgoful.H8Q" />

Newport said the temporary extension for emergency housing offered an opportunity to assist more people on the waitlist transition into permanent housing.

“For a short-term investment in updating and refreshing each property back in 2020, we were able to provide short-term accommodation to assist the new tenants towards positive outcomes, including suitable new housing,” he said.

“Instead of the units sitting vacant while waiting for lockdowns to end, we were able to give almost 140 households on the social housing waitlist a leg-up towards permanent housing.”

The NSW Government is partnering with Billbergia Group and not-for-profit community housing provider Evolve Housing to deliver the housing boost

alisonwarters@gmail.com

Billbergia secure approval for Arncliffe apartments

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Braybrook will be the suburb where the new lowrise social housing apartments are constructed in what Housing Minister Richard Wynne says will be a game-changer for social housing.

The apartments, to be built at 293-295 Ballarat Road, have been designed by Architects LIAN, in ­association with Kerstin Thompson Architects.

The government has committed to construction of more than 12,000 homes by June 2024 as part of its “big housing build.’’

The government has sought a new model for social housing that moves away from high-rise towers to ­accommodate families in low-rise apartments.

At least 12 new developments will be constructed around Braybrook before being rolled out to other parts of the city and state.

The homes will be a mix of one, two and three-bedroom apartments.

Melbourne's current ­social housing towers, built in the 1960s and 1970s, are now expected to be used for at least 85 years, according to the Herald Sun.

[smartcode_project:default project_id=25382]
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Braybrook is set to lead the Victorian state government pivot to a new lowrise model for social housing

jchancellor

Braybrook to lead Melbourne's pivot to lowrise social housing apartments

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Indigenous Business Australia (IBA) stressed the high number of Indigenous households in social housing and the importance of continuous work with governments in order to enable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to move into house ownership.
In their submission to the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Economics Inquiry into Home Ownership in Australia, IBA concluded that providing better conditions for home ownership for the Indigenous community is positive for the government as decreases the social help costs.
"For Aboriginal people at the margins of home affordability, having access to the First Home Owner Grant (FHOG) and stamp duty concessions has made the difference between being trapped as renters versus having home ownership. 
"The decisions by jurisdictions since 2011 to change their FHOG and stamp duty concession schemes, especially by reducing or abolishing the grant for the purchase of existing homes, has had a significant adverse impact on the ability of Indigenous Australians to obtain finance from commercial lenders and/or IBA. 
"IBA has observed that even in its traditional outer metropolitan and regional markets, our typical low to middle income customers are increasingly being squeezed out of the home buyer’s market. 
"In order that the gap in Indigenous home ownership does not increase it is critical that governments seek to augment existing market gap measures, such as the national Indigenous Home Ownership Program (IHOP) and state and territory government targeted programs. 
"The Indigenous Home Ownership Program (IHOP) provides Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, who do not qualify for bank finance, with an affordable home loan. IHOP is targeted at first home buyers. 
"All jurisdictions should target application of the First Home Owners Grants and stamp duty relief to low to medium income Indigenous Australians regardless of whether they are purchasing an existing or new home. This will facilitate more Indigenous Australians being able to access home loans from mainstream financial institutions, in addition to those who may qualify for IBA assistance. 
"IBA recommends close collaboration between state and territory government programs and loan providers, including IBA, to strengthen the pathway between social housing rental and home ownership, building on the many initiatives already in place across jurisdictions. 
"The sale prices for government funded new houses and existing social housing stock (inclusive of land) offered for private sale in remote discrete Indigenous communities, should be set at realistic levels, so that there is reasonable security over a loan and there is a real chance of houses being bought and sold, enabling a housing market to evolve. 
The submission goal was to expose how barriers to achieving home ownership are greater or the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander segment. 
"In the 2011 census there were 209,000 Indigenous households, with 135,000 households not in home ownership. The statistics show that 65,000 new Indigenous households would need to move into home ownership to equal the wider Australian home ownership rate. 
"At the same time the Indigenous population is growing at a faster rate than the non-Indigenous population; expected to increase by 60 per cent from 2011 to 2031. The population is also relatively youthful, with 55.8 per cent less than 25 years of age compared to 31.9 per cent in the non-Indigenous population.
"The minimum annual income required to afford the median Australia house price is around $100,000 and much greater incomes would be required in many capital city markets.
"The average household annual income of successful applicants for IBA home loans in 2013- 14 was $75,000. The ability of IBA’s customers to afford a loan at these income levels is due to the extra concessional and other support provided by IBA and the purchasing of houses in more affordable markets (outer metropolitan and regional). 
"It is useful to categorise the affordability and broader challenges for Indigenous home ownership by geographical characteristics, such as remoteness, as this demonstrates the different strategies that are required to address the overall gap in Indigenous home ownership. 
"The table below shows the distribution of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population by remoteness classification, compared with the non-Indigenous population.
"Inner regional areas include the fringes around the major cities and larger regional towns/cities close to the capital cities or in the corridor between Melbourne and Sydney. 
"House prices are more moderate and in these areas there is also good access to employment opportunities. This is reflected in the high concentration of IBA home loans in inner regional areas (39% of the portfolio and 45 per cent of all new IBA loans). 
"Increasing Indigenous home ownership contributes to the broader picture of addressing Indigenous disadvantage. IBA’s own research, and research undertaken in the wider Australian community, have demonstrated that the broader economic and social benefits of owning a home are often as important as the financial benefits to the home owners.
"IBA’s research has found that owning a home and the responsibilities that this brings create: 
 A strong incentive for long term sustainable employment; 
 Higher wage growth for the main job-holder; and 
 Children of Indigenous home owners being more likely to have a job themselves and to aspire to own their own home.
"Of the 58 customers surveyed as part of the research (mainly in rural locations in Northern Australia), the household income of home owners increased on average by more than 50 per cent over the average period of six years since they had purchased their home. 
The survey revealed that 26 per cent of home owners intended to invest in other property, 9 per cent in starting a business and 9 per cent already derived income from their home (usually by basing a small business there). 
"The participation in Indigenous home ownership has positive long term cost benefits for government. The more economically independent Indigenous Australians can become, the less financial and other supports are required from government. For example, the cost savings from home ownership versus public housing costs have been estimated to be in the order of $167 million to $669 million per 100 households over a 20-year period.
"For Aboriginal people at the margins of home loan affordability, having access to FHOG and stamp duty concessions would make the difference between being trapped as renters of social housing versus having home ownership. Without this support fewer Indigenous Australians will be able to be assisted by IBA or other financiers."
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jchancellor-FAypfDUnLy

Home ownership barriers greater for Aboriginals, Torres Strait Islanders

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<img src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/57114/count.gif" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
GUEST OBSERVER
We have to move the housing conversation beyond a game of political football about negative-gearing winners and losers. Australia needs a bipartisan, long-term, housing policy. Why? Because we have a slow-burn, deepening crisis that is affecting Australians who are already highly vulnerable and disadvantaged. They include:
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<li>
206,000 households on the waiting lists for social housing;
</li>
<li>
46 percent of those with greatest needs wait two years or more; and
</li>
<li>
105,000 were designated homeless in the 2011 Census.
</li>
</ul>
The UN Rapporteur on Human Rights, following a visit in 2007, concluded that Australia was failing to deliver the fundamental human right of adequate housing because of the lack of any co-ordinated national strategy. Nothing has changed since 2007.
<h2>A failure to join the dots of housing policy</h2>
Our cities will stop working if we do not do something. A decent long-term housing policy is not just about the million or so Australians who are in housing need, marginal housing or homeless. In reality, housing demand and supply for all tenures is intricately connected.
Failed first-time buyers rent privately, increasing demand and rent levels. This pushes lower-income families towards social housing waiting lists and, at the end of the queue, those on marginal incomes are more likely to experience homelessness. Investors push out would-be home buyers by leveraging generous tax breaks that are not available to renters who are saving up to buy.
Rental affordability is worsening, including for key workers in our cities. First-time buyers are having difficulty entering an overheated market. We face the prospect of a permanent “generation rent”.
Changes in the value of new lending, 2008-2016
<a href="/images/2016/06/15/image-20160608-15024-1pesejn.jpg" target="_blank">Click to enlarge</a>
<img src="/images/2016/06/15/image-20160608-15024-1pesejn.jpg" alt="">
<h4>
Changes in the value of new lending to investors, first-home buyers and subsequent buyers from December 2008 to March 2016. CoreLogic, ABS
</h4>
More than 40 percent of people in private rental pay more than 30 percent of their income for housing – and this is after taking into account Commonwealth Rent Assistance. The 30 percent threshold is generally recognised as the level at which financial stress is experienced.
While states and territories have a wealth of experience and a clear role in delivery, the fact is the Commonwealth government must take a leadership role in co-ordinating national housing policy and connected programs across the four sectors of our housing system: home ownership; affordable private rental; social housing; and specific housing for Aboriginal, disability and homelessness needs.
It can be done; it has been done before. In 1945, Australia also faced a housing crisis. Despite skills and materials shortages and the financial difficulties of the post-war economy, the Commonwealth built 670,000 homes in ten years.
Decent housing underpins jobs, growth and productivity. Well-located, affordable housing is critical for preventative health, to provide a stable home environment for education and self-confidence, and for a productive workforce.
We need a national program of home building to meet the shortfall in all forms of housing. While this will not in itself resolve all problems, it is critical to a successful housing policy.
<h2>How much will it cost and where’s the money?</h2>
This is the subject of a new research report, Towards a National Housing Strategy, by Compass Housing working with a group of peak bodies, housing academics and community housing providers.
To get the long-term benefits of decent housing, we must recognise that providing this has an up-front cost and we are in a tight fiscal environment. The Ache for Home Report estimates a A$10 billion housing bond could meet the needs of the 100,000 currently homeless people. Across all tenures, Australia could build 500,000 homes in ten years for an annual investment of $12.5 billion.
Even if the Commonwealth government took full responsibility for funding a national building program of such scale, the annual investment would equate to less than one-fifth of the current annual cost of capital gains (CGT) exemption on the main residence. The bonus of investment on such a scale could be the boost to the wider economy in which each $1 spent on construction created a $1.30 gain.
A national housing strategy would need to do two key things to raise the cash needed:
<ul>
<li>
rebalance current tax settings to redirect money to where it is most needed; and
</li>
<li>
revise fiscal settings to attract more private capital into housing.
</li>
</ul>
Innovative financial models have been developed internationally that can bring private finance to the table. The development of an arm’s length, government-funded financial intermediary to provide loan guarantees within a housing bond approach is one model with merit. It is used in the UK, the US and Europe.
Rebalancing subsidy arrangements across housing sectors means ring-fencing current housing support and redirecting it across the housing system. Reforms of capital gains tax exemptions and discounts, as well as negative-gearing concessions, are contentious, but are levers to improve housing supply.
CGT exemptions for the main residence cost taxpayers $54 billion in 2014-15. Nearly 90 percent of the benefit went to the top 50 percent of earners. And the costs are increasing. The CGT discount of 50 percent on capital gains, including investment properties, will cost $121 billion by 2018-19.
Negative gearing amounts to an average saving of $2,900 per year for the 1.2 million who claim. However, its impact on the budget means it costs the remaining Australians $310 per year each in tax that they would not otherwise need to pay.
Across these subsidies alone, a modest redirection would provide for a significant start-up fund for affordable housing, to be leveraged with private investment funds.
A national bipartisan approach would allow an independent review of all subsidies and recommend rebalancing options. It could also ease financial stress in the private rental sector by examining the current caps and levels of Commonwealth Rent Assistance to improve prospects for the many families where renting is a lifetime housing solution.
Without a national, integrated approach to housing, Australia will by default continue the mistakes associated with seeing the four sectors of the housing continuum as discrete and conditioned by different factors.
Ralph Horne is deputy pro vice chancellor, Research &amp; Innovation; Director of UNGC Cities Programme; Professor, RMIT University and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/ralph-horne-160543" target="_blank">here</a>.
David Adamson is emeritus professor: Social and Community Policy, The University of South Wales and can be contacted <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/david-adamson-259956" target="_blank">here</a>.
Both are authors for The Conversation.
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Our cities will stop working without a decent national housing policy

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GUEST OBSERVER
The announcement by the Minister for Social Housing Brad Hazzard that the Riverwood social housing estate will be renewed with a mix of private, social and affordable housing demonstrates the value of Private Public Partnerships.
The recently completed mix of social and market housing at Riverwood delivered by Urban Taskforce member PAYCE Consolidated demonstrates how the same quality of building can house a mixture of private owners and social housing tenants.
The social housing component is managed by St George Community Housing who are also a member of the Urban Taskforce.
The scale of development at Riverwood is particularly large with around 1,600 new social and affordable housing that are expected to be funded by an even greater number of private sector homes spread across a 30.5 hectare site.
Precinct wide developments like this are a good use of Private Public Partnerships as the innovation of the private sector is maximised, financial returns for the developer and investor are secured, while balanced by the provision of community amenities, services and infrastructure.
It will be important to have a realistic tendering process that respects the input of the private sector rather than having a process that is overly prescriptive. The private sector may well have ideas about site layouts, construction methods, materials and the design of the public spaces that are innovative and these innovative approaches need to be encouraged.
The Urban Taskforce is supportive of the renewal process being driven by Minister Hazzard and the Government’s approach of opening the process to private sector innovation.
 
Chris Johnson is chief executive officer of property development industry group Urban Taskforce and can be contacted <a href="https://www.urbantaskforce.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=97&amp;Itemid=126#.Vdaart55dFI" target="_blank">here</a>.
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Proof private owners and social housing tenants can live side by side: Chris Johnson

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Social housing is in crisis in Australia, with almost 200,000 people on waiting lists. Social housing made up 8% of all housing stock in Australia in 1966. This had fallen to just 4.3% at July 2016.
As a result, governments have tightened eligibility. Social housing is increasingly home to only the most vulnerable households. And even these households often spend years on the waiting list while experiencing severe housing stress or homelessness.
Outside of social housing, rental and ownership options are increasingly unaffordable, particularly in the capital cities. Social housing was once a stepping stone to home ownership, but this is becoming more difficult.
There is a solution
The Melbourne-based Barnett Foundation responded by creating a model of affordable home ownership for social housing tenants. The foundation developed a 34-unit apartment in the inner suburb of North Melbourne and offered 28 units to households living within 4km of the site and willing to leave their social housing. It’s called the Melbourne Apartments Project (MAP).
The foundation offered an interest-free second mortgage scheme to ease buyers’ transition into home ownership. This allows the owner to retain 100% ownership of their home while combining their own savings, a standard first mortgage with a bank and a second mortgage with the foundation.
The developer achieved cost savings during construction through reduced marketing and real estate costs (thanks to support from Melbourne City Mission), reduced tax requirements and foregone profit. The savings totalled about 37% of the market value of each property.
These savings were passed on to the buyers in the form of a no-interest second mortgage. This is not payable until the home owner sells their apartment. The second mortgage also reduces every year for the first four years.
Buyers were required to provide at least a A$25,000 deposit and to seek a mortgage to cover the remaining development costs of each unit. This is about 63% of market value, meaning they require a much smaller loan and pay less interest, as well as a smaller deposit. This helps overcome two of the largest barriers to home ownership for first home buyers.
<img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/235129/original/file-20180906-191844-1j4qu6v.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="">
What do the buyers think about it?
I interviewed ten of the 28 MAP households in our research and will be presenting findings next Tuesday, October 9, at a free event.
Residents offered extremely positive feedback on their new homes and about being able to buy a home near their existing communities. They would not have contemplated this without the MAP.
Many had lived in social housing for 20 to 30 years and had never felt capable of making the move into market housing.
Participants spoke of the benefit of being able to pass on an asset to their children or to build wealth in their home. Many spoke of the great sense of achievement this move had given them.
I found residents retained extremely strong connections to their previous communities. They often returned to the public housing estates for social activities, to visit family and for community gardening.
However, many also spoke of their deep desire to leave unsafe, “aggravated” and uncomfortable previous homes. Households spoke of the deep sense of relief that came from feeling safe.
Most respondents told me their financial position had not changed or even improved since moving into MAP. Most were “over income” tenants, with a household income that meant they paid market rent for their social housing. Many found their mortgage repayments were similar to their previous rental costs.
However, social housing provides a “safety net” as rents are adjusted if household income decreases. Given some households gathered their deposits with significant support from family and friends while earning low incomes, this might be a future concern for residents.
Scaling up solutions
A 28-unit development is a drop in the ocean compared to the level of unmet need. Recent research suggests Greater Melbourne alone has a 160,000-dwelling deficit of housing that is affordable and available to very low and low-income households.
Creating a significant change requires effective models to be replicated and scaled up. In Toronto, a similar model called Options for Homes has delivered 2,000 affordable units. A further 2,500 units are in the construction pipeline.
Our research found this model is replicable and suitable for a subsection of more financially secure social housing tenants. Its scaling would be supported by access to land and finance and integration with social rental housing options.
Access to land
Access to affordable land in well-located areas is one of the largest barriers to developing affordable housing. Projects like MAP could be integrated into state government initiatives like the Public Housing Renewal Program.
Such schemes would also benefit from discounted land sales by philanthropic or religious groups, or even deferred land sale costs. Options for Homes almost always works with vendors that are prepared to defer land purchase costs until development is completed.
Access to funds
Philanthropic organisations and social impact investors like the Lord Mayor’s Charitable Foundation have already supported affordable home ownership through the Affordable Housing Loan Fund. This allowed the not-for-profit organisation Habitat for Humanity to provide no-interest loans to low-income buyers in the town of Yea in Victoria.
Similarly, social impact investors are key to providing project equity to models like the Nightingale housing model. They could provide important equity and/or debt finance to projects using the MAP model.
Integrated housing solutions
This model is aimed at households with incomes of at least A$75,000 a year, or access to a substantial capital contribution. Despite the reduced deposits and mortgage repayments, most social housing tenants will not be able to access this scheme.
Other not-for-profit organisations could replicate this model and integrate it into their existing portfolios of social rental housing. The MAP model could cross-subsidise other housing options and help to provide a diversity of housing options in developments.
Why does this matter?
For the Melbourne Apartments Project, we estimated that for every A$1 of cost to the government, it receives A$2.19 in benefits from the project. This is mainly due to new households being able to move into vacated public housing units.
If every public housing unit made available as a MAP participant moved out were reallocated to a high-needs applicant on the waiting list, the government could save A$27,458.22 in costs per MAP participant per year.
Housing is increasingly unaffordable in many parts of Australia. As governments reduce their role in social and affordable housing, the need for industry-led innovations is growing. Pilot projects such as MAP are important but need to be supported by policy and scaling mechanisms to have a systemic impact on our housing environment.
Katrina Raynor, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Transforming Housing Project, University of Melbourne
This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/affordable-home-ownership-scheme-offers-a-pathway-out-of-social-housing-102635" target="_blank">original article</a>.
The authors of this and two other recent Conversation articles – Carolyn Whitzman, Matthew Palm and Katrina Raynor – are presenting the full findings of their research project at a Transforming Housing event from 6.30pm on October 9.<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/102635/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">
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j.ballantyne1990-6AQqhLzZaK

Affordable home-ownership scheme offers a pathway out of social housing: Katrina Raynor

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Australia has <a href="https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-debate-turns-to-whether-australia-should-embrace-elimination-strategy-136186" target="_blank" style="font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.15999984741211px;">done better with COVID-19</a> than anyone dared hope. This opens up the prospect of a progressive relaxation of restrictions later this year. Organisations that could participate in an economic stimulus program will need to be in a position then to deliver “shovel-ready” projects to help revive the economy.
The construction sector is the obvious focus of a stimulus plan, and the construction of social housing should be the priority, for reasons that I’ll outline below.
The Rudd government’s <a href="https://theconversation.com/vital-signs-the-gfc-and-me-ten-years-on-what-have-we-learned-103514" target="_blank">stimulus package during the Global Financial Crisis</a> gives us a helpful guide to what does and doesn’t work. The initiatives that failed did so because of a lack of proper planning.
Fortunately, if we get going now, we have months to plan the recovery program. Getting it right will be crucial. By September, one month before <a href="https://www.ato.gov.au/general/JobKeeper-Payment/" target="_blank">JobKeeper</a> payments end, many businesses are <a href="https://theconversation.com/new-oecd-estimates-suggest-a-22-hit-to-australias-economy-135026" target="_blank">going to be on their knees</a>.
Why construction?
Most of the successful elements of the Rudd package focused on construction. The reason is simple. Nearly <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1718/Quick_Guides/EmployIndustry" target="_blank">one in ten Australians</a> work in the construction industry. Many more are employed locally in the production of building products.
Both construction and building product manufacturing provide jobs for people with varying levels of skill, including people who are unskilled. The vast majority of concrete and steel reinforcement, bricks, wall framing, building boards, windows and doors, roof tiles and metal cladding are still made here. A substantial portion of domestic electrical and plumbing products, including stainless steel sinks, copper pipes and electrical cables are also made here.
It’s important to realise that the type of building being constructed will affect its local stimulatory impact. For buildings up to three storeys high, over 50 per cent of their cost is labour on site. Of the remaining cost, the vast majority is Australian-made materials and components. (Although the Australian Bureau of Statistics stopped its series on Australian-made construction products in 2014, the employment impact can still be estimated from <a href="https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/8155.02017-18?OpenDocument" target="_blank">ABS manufacturing statistics</a>.)
<a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/329988/original/file-20200423-47815-af48fv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/329988/original/file-20200423-47815-af48fv.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt=""></a>
For typical single and double-storey housing, more than half the cost goes into labour and locally made materials account for most of the rest of it. <a class="source" href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/new-suburban-homes-currently-under-construction-261423332" target="_blank">Shutterstock</a>
However, the taller a building gets, the greater the percentage of imported components – lifts, mechanical components and facade systems are mostly imported.
Why social housing?
What sort of construction projects should the government consider for a stimulus package? While the response so far has been to focus on “<a href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/scott-morrison-flags-company-tax-cuts-ir-reform-as-key-to-covid-19-economic-recovery-20200417-p54kvq">fast-tracking” infrastructure</a>, the current crisis has highlighted a number of pressing social needs. Various aspects of social housing top the list:
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<li>
Housing to reduce the number of people living in <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-insecurity-of-private-renters-how-do-they-manage-it-77324" target="_blank">precarious private rentals</a>. A substantial program to increase the stock of social housing would be a great legacy.
</li>
<li>
Housing for people who are homeless. They will not be able to go on <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-02/sa-hotels-policy-shows-homelessness-not-intractable/12113682" target="_blank">living in hotels</a> once the lockdown ends.
</li>
<li>
Affordable housing for workers in health, emergency services, education and retail who cannot afford to live close to the communities they provide vital support to. It turns out they are essential workers, some of the most important people in Australia, so we need to look after them.
</li>
</ol>
Housing construction is a very effective way to create jobs, both directly and downstream. <a href="https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2019/sp-dg-2019-10-17" target="_blank">About 6 per cent of Australian jobs</a> are related to housing.
What other construction work is needed?
There are other opportunities for well-targeted construction stimulus.
In many areas of Australia, public schools and kindergartens still rely on low-quality portable buildings or buildings that have exceeded their economic life. A program to replace them with new and efficient buildings would produce substantial social benefits, cut maintenance costs and improve sustainability.
Improving the deteriorated state of community buildings and parks, particularly in disadvantaged areas, would also deliver social benefits and potentially employ a lot of unskilled labour. Having decent parks and exercise facilities close to where people live will allow social distancing to continue as long as needed.
A Victorian government <a href="https://www.propertyobserver.com.au/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-07-16/flammable-cladding-removal-fund-victorian-government/11311518" target="_blank">plan to remove combustible cladding</a> from residential and community buildings could also be extended to all states. It’s essential work that would also create jobs.
The government could also consider a program to replace or refurbish university teaching and research buildings that are over 40 years old. Incredibly, as we have found at ARINA in our consultancy work, these older buildings still provide more than half of the 11.8 million square metres of gross floor space occupied by the higher education sector.
These ageing buildings are not well suited to supporting the research into solutions to SARS-CoV-2 and other pressing medical and economic problems. Replacing or refurbishing them would improve outputs, cut maintenance costs and improve sustainability, plus give a much-needed boost to the higher education sector.
Plan now to be shovel-ready
Anglicare SA is already thinking of what it can do to deliver more social housing. Its CEO, Peter Sandeman, told me he is making sure Anglicare has “shovel-ready projects that can be rolled out the moment a stimulus package is announced. There is no better way of stimulating the economy than by constructing social housing.”
This is stimulus that also meets critical social needs, Sandeman says.
There is a desperate shortage of social housing. Our waiting list and the number of people who are homeless demonstrates that.
Social housing provides a long-term benefit to everyone. It adds stability to the lives of the occupants and this is a particular benefit to their children and their education. Safe, affordable housing is the foundation stone that gives people a chance in life.
Other organisations that could be part of the stimulus package should be getting ready, too, and making sure the government knows what they are doing.
<a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/geoff-hanmer-90647" target="_blank">Geoff Hanmer</a>, Adjunct Professor of Architecture, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-adelaide-1119" target="_blank">University of Adelaide</a>
This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-the-focus-of-stimulus-plans-has-to-be-construction-that-puts-social-housing-first-136519" target="_blank">original article</a>.
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Why the focus of stimulus plans has to be construction that puts social housing first

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Community Housing Providers (CHPs) will have greater contractual certainty, to enhance the delivery of social housing outcomes, via new initiative by the NSW Government.
A change in contractual arrangements offered by the NSW Land and Housing Corporation (LAHC) will open the door for CHPs to transition from existing three-year general social housing leases, to 20-year leases on their LAHC owned portfolio.
NSW Minister for Water, Property and Housing Melinda Pavey announced the initiative today by opening an Expression of Interest process, calling for applications from interested CHPs.
A staged implementation process will initially focus on Tier One CHPs that express interest in taking-up the 20-year leases, for which LAHC will review and determine their eligibility to transition around 14,000 properties to 20-year leases.
Stage two will see a review of the suitability for Tier Two and Tier Three CHPs to transition to 20-year leases, covering approximately 1400 properties.
Minister Pavey said this significant increase (about 570 per cent) in the prescribed time-frame for leases will provide greater certainty in contractual obligations between LAHC and CHPs.
Mrs Pavey said, "a 20-year lease will enable CHPs to consider leveraging more secure longer-term revenue streams, to grow their portfolio, employ more people and engage with financiers and investors, to ultimately deliver higher quality homes.”
Minister for Families, Communities and Disability Services Gareth Ward said this initiative followed the successful transfer late last year of 14,000 properties to nine CHPs, under the Social Housing Management Transfer program.
 
 
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NSW Government initiative to increase social housing leasing periods

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Five more Millers Point properties have been sold by Property NSW for a total of $25.5 million as the government raises funds for its social housing programme.
The five properties listed by Property NSW on behalf of Family and Community Services were sold via an expressions of interest campaign. 
Each property contains four two-bedroom apartments and are located on High Street, with the highest winning bid being for $5.31 million.
They are:
<ul>
<li>38-40A High Street - sold for $5.31 million (above)</li>
<li>50-52A High Street- sold for $5.10 million</li>
<li>58-60A High Street- sold for $4.9 million</li>
<li>62-64A High Street - sold for $5.0 million</li>
<li>66 -68A High Street- sold for $5.19 million</li>
</ul>
The selling agents were Andrew Stewart and Peter Starr of McGrath.
The sale of these properties marks the commencement of the 2017 Millers Point sales programme, the proceeds of which will contribute to the funding of 1,500 new social housing dwellings across the state, said a media release.
A total of 130 Millers Point properties have been sold to date for about $370 million. 
The biggest sale among the sandstone offerings came at the start of last year when <a href="https://www.urban.com.au/expert-insights/buying/64178-millers-point-sales-have-fetched-up-to-7-7-million" target="_blank">Darling House fetched $7.7 million at auction.</a>
Formerly known as the Rocks Cottage Type Hospital, the standalone house offers 10 bedrooms.
The properties are accompanied by strict heritage protections; including NSW Heritage Council-endorsed Conservation Management Plans.
McGrath Estate Agency founder John McGrath has repeatedly pinpointed the area around The Rocks as a wise investment.
"As a shift in the housing stock moves from Government owned to private dwelling there is bound to be a massive upgrade to these beautiful harbourside Georgian and Victorian homes," McGrath said.
"Plus a significant change in local amenity that usually follows such upgrades.
"With the recently opened Barangaroo Point park, a 5 minute walk to the CBD &amp; Barangaroo commercial precinct, this is fast becoming one of the most fashionable addresses in Sydney."
Property NSW, on behalf of Family and Community Services, has recently listed a further five properties for sale in Millers Point, including a block of seven apartments and adjoining terraces.
One of the five properties is a pair of adjoining terraces located at 26-28 Fort Street, a short walk from Dawes Point, The Rocks and Walsh Bay.
These terraces, with views of Sydney Harbour Bridge, are currently configured as seven one-bedroom apartments and feature a private rear garden and outdoor entertainment space.
The terraces will be sold via auction by Ray White Real Estate on Friday 7 April.
Also listed is the heritage-listed former Hit or Miss Hotel at 69 Windmill Street.
The renowned local pub was licensed from 1852 until 1923.
It later operated as a migrant hostel, before it was remodeled into five apartments in the 1930s.
The apartments which comprise the building will be sold as a single property.
The other three Millers Point properties listed for sale include:
<ul>
<li>1 Windmill Street – three bedroom corner terrace with harbour views  </li>
<li>14-16 Trinity Avenue – two terraces (to be sold as a single property)  </li>
<li>52 Kent Street – three bedroom terrace plus study  </li>
</ul>
The above four properties will be sold via auction through McGrath Estate Agents on Wednesday 5 April.  
A total of 130 Millers Point properties have been sold to date, delivering circa $347 million for reinvestment in social housing.  
All purchasers of properties in the Millers Point sales program must adhere to NSW Heritage Council-endorsed Conservation Management Plans, which detail heritage maintenance obligations and the works permitted on the properties.  
For more details please visit <a href="https://www.rediscovermillerspoint.com.au" target="_blank">www.rediscovermillerspoint.com.au</a>.  
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jonathanchancellor-7SQnKwU6yx

Five Millers Point properties sold off for $25 million by NSW government

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GUEST OBSERVATION
Studies indicate spending time in nature brings physical, mental and social benefits. These include stress reduction, improved mood, accelerated healing, attention restoration, productivity and heightened imagination and creativity.
Increased urbanisation has made it more difficult to connect with nature. And members of lower socioeconomic and minority ethnic groups, people over 65 and those living with disability are less likely to visit green spaces. This could be due to inaccessible facilities and safety fears.
A gardening program for disadvantaged groups, running in New South Wales since 1999, has aimed to overcome the inequity in access to green spaces. Called Community Greening, the program has reached almost 100,000 participants and established 627 community and youth-led gardens across the state.
Our independent evaluation explored the program’s impact on new participants and communities in social housing by tracking six new garden sites in 2017. Around 85% of participants told us the program had a positive effect on their health and 91% said it benefited their community. And 73% said they were exercising more and 61% were eating better. One participant said engaging in the program even helped them quit smoking.
These insights have advanced our understanding of how community gardening improves the mental and physical health of Australians living in social housing communities in our cities.
Our study
Trends towards urbanisation and loss of green space have sparked concerns about population health and well-being. This has led to a growing body of research on the impact of community gardens on children and adults.
The Community Greening program is supported by the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney in partnership with Housing New South Wales. Anecdotal feedback gathered by the botanic garden over the past two decades has shown gardening improves well-being and cohesion, fosters a sense of belonging, reduces stress and enhances life skills.
<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/V-feCm1FDF8?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" frameborder="0" width="440" height="260"></iframe>
Community Greening provides gardens for people in social housing.
Based on this understanding, Community Greening aims to:
<ul>
<li>improve physical and mental health</li>
<li>reduce anti-social behaviour</li>
<li>build community cohesion</li>
<li>tackle economic disadvantage</li>
<li>promote understanding of native food plants</li>
<li>conserve the environment</li>
<li>provide skills training to enable future employment opportunities</li>
<li>share expert knowledge of the garden.</li>
</ul>
Our research investigated these outcomes in participants, and whether they changed during the course of the program. We collected data using questionnaires over seven months (before and after participation). We also conducted focus group interviews with participants and open-ended questionnaires with staff working at the community sites.
Of the 23 people who completed both questionnaires before and afterwards, 14 were female and nine were male. They had an average age of 59, ranging from 29-83. Fifteen participants were born in Australia while the rest came from Fiji, Iran, Poland, New Zealand, Philippines, Chile, Afghanistan and Mauritius. One participant identified as an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and five people (22%) reported English was not their first language.
Initially, 27% reported they had never gardened prior to the program. At the post-test questionnaire, the frequency of attendance improved for many of them. Over 40% gardened once a week and 22% every day.
Gardening benefits
Overall, we found participants felt a sense of agency, community pride and achievement. The gardening program helped encourage change and community development. Some were happy to learn a new hobby.
<img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/228673/original/file-20180721-142405-1snyawc.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="">
Community Greening participants found a lot of benefits to gardening. Research infographic/Screenshot, Author provided
Gardening also served as an opportunity to socialise with neighbours. In previous years within some social housing communities, it was commonplace for residents to simply stay inside their units without interacting with anyone.
Many participants said they saw a marked improvement in their health and well-being. One participant remarked:
"I suffer with a lot of health problems, and a lot of times I’ve been sitting at home, been depressed and not been happy about my illness, and since I’ve become more involved with the garden it helped me to not worry about my health so much like I used to and it actually improved my eating habits. It has changed my life positively. I don’t have time to feel sorry for myself anymore…"
Some described the gardening experience as calming and cathartic – especially those who suffered from depression and anxiety. Some spoke of the positive aspect of having something to do each day and their feelings of achievement.
Another participant said:
"Going outside gives me not only physical exercise, but it provides a certain amount of joy in that you’re seeing the benefit of your hard work coming through in healthy plants. Whether it’s vegetables or a conifer, you’re seeing it grow and you’re seeing the benefit…"
Additional improvements in social health included a genuine enthusiasm for working in a team, with increased co-operation and social cohesion between staff and tenants. The housing managers and social workers work alongside tenants helping to foster trust, co-operation, social collaboration and healthy relationships.
<img src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/96707/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1">More importantly, this research has provided validation that Community Greening has aligned with contemporary social-housing priorities. These include supporting health and well-being, nurturing a sense of community, enhancing safety and developing a sense of place.
Tonia Gray, Associate Professor, Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University
Danielle Tracey, Associate Professor, Adult and Postgraduate Education, Western Sydney University
Kumara Ward, Lecturer, Early Childhood Education, Western Sydney University
Son Truong, Senior Lecturer, Secondary Education, Western Sydney University
This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/gardening-improves-the-health-of-social-housing-residents-and-provides-a-sense-of-purpose-96707">original article</a>.
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