ADIs fall short regarding portfolio controls for commercial property: APRA
APRA has released its conclusions and high-level observations from its thematic review of commercial property lending over 2016.
Brandon Khoo, executive general manager, Diversified Institutions Division said the review was in response to recent market dynamics and indications that underwriting standards were under competitive pressure.
He said as part of the review, APRA assessed the portfolio controls and underwriting standards of a number of larger domestic banks and foreign bank branches.
"In current market conditions, it is important that the Boards of ADIs are conscious of the settings for underwriting standards and portfolio controls, and in a position to challenge as appropriate," he said.
"In particular, Boards should actively challenge whether expectations of growth in commercial property lending are achievable, given the position in the credit cycle, without compromising the quality of lending.
"APRA’s review revealed that the ability of the Board and senior management to fully understand and challenge the risk profile of lending has often been hampered by inadequate data, poor monitoring and incomplete portfolio controls. APRA expects ADIs to improve their capabilities in this area, and has written to individual ADIs with specific requirements in these areas."
Below is a copy of the review
INDUSTRY OBSERVATIONS
Underwriting Standards
Sound credit underwriting standards are fundamental to the safety and soundness of lenders, as well as the stability of the financial system as a whole. This is particularly the case in the area of commercial property lending, which has historically been the source of significant credit losses for the Australian banking industry. It is critical that ADIs maintain appropriate standards through the credit cycle, and are prepared to tighten those standards as circumstances dictate.
APRA has observed a general tightening of underwriting standards, especially for residential development lending, over the past year or so. This has not been uniform, however, and there is a need for ADIs to exercise particular care to ensure that they are not unduly accepting greater risk as other lenders step back.
The review also revealed evidence that some ADIs were justifying a particular underwriting stance based on what the ADI understood to be the criteria applied by another lender. Underwriting standards should be reflective of the ADI’s own risk appetite and not based on a potentially erroneous appreciation of a competitor’s criteria.
A summary of key observations follows:
Income producing investment lendingDebt yield as a complementary underwriting measure - Debt yield (net operating income to total debt) is used by some overseas banks as a key underwriting measure, but it is not commonly used within the Australian market. This metric, supported by prudent ICR and LVR measures as appropriate, could offer benefits to lenders as it provides a measurement of risk that is independent of the interest rate, amortisation period, and capitalisation rate.
Need for greater focus on refinancing risk - A number of ADIs demonstrated only limited analysis of the risk in refinancing a facility at maturity.
Residential Development Lending
Sponsors to contribute sufficient equity – A number of ADIs noted an increasing awareness of the use of mezzanine debt / quasi equity from third parties and reliance on material uplifts in land valuations to reduce the size of a sponsor’s contribution of ‘hard equity’. APRA expects ADIs ensure a sufficient level of ‘hard equity’ is at risk from sponsors.Presale quality and coverage – In the past year, some ADIs have tightened underwriting criteria for presales coverage following market concerns with regard to settlement risk. ADIs are now generally requiring qualifying presales equivalent to at least 100 percent of committed debt and have tightened the proportion of qualifying presales permitted to foreign purchasers. However, there was still scope for improvement in a number of ADIs’ policies on what constituted a qualifying presale, and the thoroughness of analysis of presales achieved for particular transactions was sometimes lacking.
Need to consider end product, location and quality – The consideration of potential marketability issues for properties, such as being poorly located, small apartments lacking in amenities and/or suffering from design issues, was not always evidenced in transaction analysis.
Portfolio Controls
A key finding from the thematic review is that many participating ADIs fell well short of expectations regarding portfolio controls for commercial property. This has been in part driven by an underinvestment in information systems, leading to challenges in extracting portfolio data. Ready availability of detailed and reliable transaction level data, appropriately aggregated, is a key component in obtaining a sound and complete understanding of the risk profile of the commercial property portfolio. Deficiencies in data hamper an ADI’s ability to implement and monitor underwriting standards and portfolio controls.
A summary of key observations follows:
Portfolio limits can be improved – APRA expects that ADIs with commercial property exposures should manage not only the risk of individual loans but also consider build-ups in risk at the portfolio level. A deeper understanding of the portfolio can be particularly helpful for the Board and senior management in setting and monitoring portfolio limits, and adherence to the lender’s risk appetite, as market conditions change. One fundamental management control to prevent a build-up in risk is an overarching sector concentration limit, as per Prudential Standard APS 221 Large exposures. Better practice would be to also have sub-limits to control concentrations in riskier segments of the portfolio, such as lending for development or land. In addition, improvements in data and system capabilities would permit the establishment of a more targeted risk metrics and controls relating to key transaction drivers for the stage of the cycle.
Better practice is for deep dives into heightened risk segments – A number of participating ADIs had reacted to perceptions of heightened risk in market segments by undertaking deep dive exercises, targeted stress tests and the provisions of additional targeted reports to key stakeholders. This was particularly noticeable for locations where there was considered to be increased settlement risk and had led, in some cases, to tightened underwriting standards for that segment.
Identifying and managing exposures originated outside of standards